Static Electricity and Electroscopes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What happens when two like charges come close to each other?

  • They repel each other. (correct)
  • They become neutral.
  • They attract each other.
  • They cause induced charge separation.

    • A neutral object has more electrons than protons.

    False

    What type of electroscope is more sensitive in detecting electric charge?

    Metal leaf electroscope/Gold leaf electroscop

    Materials that allow the movement of electrons are called ______.

    <p>conductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during induced charge separation?

    <p>Electrons move toward a charged object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All objects are neutral before coming into contact with other objects.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The two types of electric charges are positive and ______.

    <p>negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the materials with their respective type:

    <p>Copper = Conductor Rubber = Insulator Glass = Insulator Aluminum = Conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating current in an electric circuit?

    <p>I = Q / t</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a series circuit, each electron has a choice of path.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the efficiency percentage of incandescent bulbs?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The energy source of an electric circuit is called a ___.

    <p>battery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Current electricity = Controlled flow of electrons through a conductor Potential energy = Stored energy Resistance = Opposition to the flow of electric current load = The power source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a method of charging an object?

    <p>Electrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electrostatic series dictates that the object with the strongest hold on electrons becomes positively charged.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the resistance of a wire as its length increases?

    <p>Resistance increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electrical energy is only generated in batteries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ground when a thundercloud forms?

    <p>The ground becomes positively charged as electrons are repelled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of connecting an object to earth to prevent charge build-up is called _____

    <p>grounding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is potential difference measured in?

    <p>volts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms related to lightning to their descriptions:

    <p>Charge imbalance = Creates a spark if great enough Thunder = Result of rapidly heated air Electrons = Transferred from cloud to ground Thundercloud = Region where negative charges concentrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be a result of lightning?

    <p>Forest Fires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Laser printers use positively charged toner particles that are attracted to a negatively charged image on the drum.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes charged objects to lose their charge more easily in winter?

    <p>The air is less humid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tap water is a _______

    <p>Conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pure water is a _______

    <p>Insulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the 3 ways to neutralize an object

    <ol> <li>Grounding</li> <li>Water vapour in the air</li> <li>Electric discharge</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strip in a circuit breaker called?

    <p>Bimetallic strip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fuse can be used more than once

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A circuit breaker's strip has ____ number of metals

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Static Electricity

    • Static electricity results from an imbalance of positive and negative charges in an object.
    • Two types of electric charges exist: positive and negative.
    • Negatively charged objects have more electrons.
    • Positively charged objects have more protons.
    • A neutral object has an equal number of protons and electrons.
    • Electrons are more mobile; heat can make them move faster.
    • Like charges repel each other.
    • Opposite charges attract each other.
    • Neutrons are uncharged particles.
    • When a charged object is near a neutral object, it can induce a shift in electrons in the neutral object (inducing charge separation).

    Electroscopes

    • Two types of electroscopes exist: pith ball and metal leaf.
    • Pith ball electroscopes are simpler and used to determine the type of charge.
    • Metal leaf electroscopes detect electric charge more sensitively.

    Vocabulary

    • Static electricity: An imbalance of electric charge on the surface of an object.
    • Electric charge: Created when an atom does not have an equal number of protons and electrons.
    • Neutral charge: Equal number of protons and electrons.
    • Negatively charged: More electrons than protons.
    • Positively charged: More protons than electrons.
    • Electroscope: Device used to detect electric charging.

    Conductors and Insulators

    • Conductors allow the flow of electrons.
    • Insulators restrict the flow of electrons.
    • Examples of conductors: wiring, electrical cords, metal.
    • Examples of insulators: Insulating materials, walls, etc.

    Pure water=Insulator

    Tap water=Conductor

    Static Electricity-Charging Objects

    • Three ways to charge an object: friction, contact, induction.
    • Friction can transfer charges between two objects.
    • Contact charges transfer by touching, a charged object to a neutral object.
    • Induction charges an object without touching it by bringing a charged object nearby.

    The Electrostatic series

    • The electrostatic series is a list of materials arranged in order of their tendency to gain or lose electrons. This series helps to determine how materials will interact when brought into contact, influencing their charge transfer behavior.
    • When an object with a weak hold of electrons is rubbed against an object with a strong hold of electrons electrons transfer from the object with the weak hold of electrons to the object with the strong hold of electrons causing static electricity. This could also happen with contact but less electrons transfer that way.

    Discharge

    • Three ways to neutralize an object: grounding, water vapor, electric discharge.
    • Grounding connects an object to the earth to transfer electrons to or from the earth.
    • Water vapor can transfer electrons between objects.
    • Electric discharge is a rapid transfer of electric charge between objects, which equalizes the charges.
    • The greater the imbalance the more noticable it is(eg. crackling sounds, sparks, lightning)
    • Electrons will stop moving once the overall charge of each object is the same.

    Lightning

    • Lightning forms when a large imbalance of negative charges in thunderclouds repels electrons from the ground causing a large spark.
    • Thunder is the result of air superheating caused by the rapid movement of electrons.
    • Lightning frequently causes forest fires and building fires.
    • Lightning can stop heart or respiration and could result in death

    Laser Printers

    • In laser printing, a laser creates a negative image of the document on a charged drum.
    • Toner particles are attracted to the negatively charged areas of the image on the drum.
    • The drum transfers the image to the paper.
    • The image is then bonded to the paper, using heat.

    Energy & Energy Transformations

    • Energy can change from one form to another.
    • Types of energy: mechanical, electrical, radiant, sound.
    • Bulb efficiency is the measure of the power used that can be converted to light.
    • Incandescent bulbs typically have low efficiencies (about 5%).

    Electric Circuits

    • Electric current flows through a conductor controlled by electrons.
    • Electrical energy comes from the flow of electrons; the battery is the energy source.
    • A circuit is made up of the following: cells, bulb, switch, motor, wire, resistor, ammeter, voltmeter.
    • The switch controls the flow of electrons in the circuit.
    • The wire transports the electrons in the circuit.
    • The battery is the energy source in the circuit.
    • Chemical reactions in a battery cause electrons to move creating electrical energy.

    Series and Parallel Circuits

    • A series circuit has one path for electron flow through each component
    • In a parallel circuit electrons have multiple paths that they can take.
    • Parallel circuits require more than one source for a component to work.

    Calculating Current & Charge

    • Current is the rate of charge moving past a point in a circuit; measured in amperes (A).
    • Charge (Q) is measured in Coulombs (C).
    • Time is measured in seconds (s).

    Electric Current

    • Electric current is the rate of electron flow past a certain point in a circuit.
    • Measures in amperage (A). (1 A = 1000 mA)

    Potential Difference

    • Potential difference is the difference in energy between two points in a circuit.
    • Measured in volts (V).
    • Total energy = potential difference × charge.

    Resistance

    • Resistance is the opposition to the flow of current in a circuit.
    • Resistance increases with length of the wire.
    • Resistance decreases with the thickness of the wire.
    • Resistance depends on the material. Higher resistance in insulators than conductors
    • Resistance increases with temperature

    Ohm's Law

    • Ohm's law connects the voltage, current and resistance. As resistance increases, current decreases.

    Ammeter

    • An ammeter measures the number of electrons passing a specific point in a circuit per unit time, and calculates current.

    Voltmeter

    • A voltmeter measures the potential difference between two points in a circuit.

    Circuits breakers & Fuses(p.364)

    • The circuit breaker and fuse is a safety precausion in case too much energy is being used
    • The circuit breaker has a stip called the bimetallic strip that has 2 metals
    • One of the 2 metals expands faster under heat than the other
    • When too much current flows the metal starts to heat up and the strip bends this causes the switch in the breaker to open stoping the flow of electrons.
    • To reset the flow of electrons you unplug the device that caused the build up of current and close the switch
    • Fuses were used in many older homes
    • It acts like a switch. A fuse has a small strip of metal that melts when the current gets too high.
    • Then the cicuit is incompletable and the current stops flowing.

    To reset the flow of electrons you must replace the old fuse with a new one.

    Ground faul interrupters(GFI)

    • these outlets are normally used in kitchen, and bathrooms.
    • Current passes through ground fault interrupters, if the current that goes out and returns isn't the same the GFI stops the flow of electrons.

    Short circuits

    In a short circuit there is very little to no resistance. In a simple circuit like the ones we've been building in class, this might happen if the current does not pass through a load before returning to the battery.

    • frayed cords are dangerous because two connecting wires could touch and create a short circuit
    • they could also heat up and cause a fire.

    Graphing

    *does not include all of graphing

    Always identify the Independant variable(manipulated/cause) and the Dependant variable(responding/effect). Remember that the independant variable is on the X axis and the dependant variable is on the Y axis

    When writing the title of the graph using this format is suggested:

    • The effect of the IV on DV (or Y axis vs X axis)

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