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Questions and Answers
What happens to particles in a solid as heat is applied?
What happens to particles in a solid as heat is applied?
What is a characteristic of particles in a liquid state?
What is a characteristic of particles in a liquid state?
What is a key difference between the solid and liquid states?
What is a key difference between the solid and liquid states?
In which state of matter are intermolecular interactions negligible?
In which state of matter are intermolecular interactions negligible?
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What is true about the shape of a solid?
What is true about the shape of a solid?
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What happens to a solid as more heat is applied?
What happens to a solid as more heat is applied?
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What is a characteristic of particles in a gas state?
What is a characteristic of particles in a gas state?
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What is true about the volume of a liquid?
What is true about the volume of a liquid?
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What happens when gas molecules collide with other molecules or the walls of the container?
What happens when gas molecules collide with other molecules or the walls of the container?
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What is a characteristic of gases?
What is a characteristic of gases?
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What happens to gas molecules if exposed to space?
What happens to gas molecules if exposed to space?
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What is a characteristic of the plasma state?
What is a characteristic of the plasma state?
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What is the most common state of matter in the universe?
What is the most common state of matter in the universe?
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What is an example of the plasma state on Earth?
What is an example of the plasma state on Earth?
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Study Notes
States of Matter
- Matter exists in four physical states or phases: solid (s), liquid (l), gas (g), and plasma.
- The states of matter can be transitioned from one to another by applying heat, with the sequence being solid → liquid → gas → plasma.
Solid State
- Particles (atoms or molecules) are very close to each other and held strongly by intermolecular forces.
- Particles can vibrate around their mean positions but cannot slide past each other.
- Solids have a fixed shape and a fixed volume.
- Expansion and contraction are negligible in the solid state.
Liquid State
- Particles are close enough to experience strong intermolecular interactions, preventing them from crossing the liquid boundary.
- Particles can move around within the liquid, allowing them to flow and acquire the shape of the container.
- Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape.
- Expansion and contraction are negligible in the liquid state.
Gas State
- Particles are far apart, with negligible intermolecular interactions.
- Gas molecules move in straight lines in random directions until they collide with other molecules or the container walls.
- Collisions are elastic, conserving the total kinetic energy of the system.
- Gases can flow, acquire the shape of the container, and expand or contract to fill the available space.
- Gases do not have a fixed shape or a fixed volume.
Plasma State
- Particles are far apart, similar to gases, but with a portion of the negative charge (electrons) separated from the positive charge (nucleus).
- Atoms in the plasma state are ionized.
- Plasma is the most common state of matter in the universe, but rare on Earth.
- Examples of plasma on Earth include matter in electrical arcs, lightning, and neon signs.
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Description
Learn about the four physical states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Understand how heat affects the transition between these states.
