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Questions and Answers
Which statement accurately describes a characteristic of solids?
Which statement accurately describes a characteristic of solids?
- Solids change shape easily.
- Solids are very difficult to squash. (correct)
- Solids move freely.
- Solids can be poured.
Liquids can be easily squashed by applying pressure.
Liquids can be easily squashed by applying pressure.
False (B)
What is the process called when heat energy is added to change a solid directly to a gas?
What is the process called when heat energy is added to change a solid directly to a gas?
sublimation
Adding solvent to a solution causes the concentration to ______.
Adding solvent to a solution causes the concentration to ______.
Match the following states of matter with their characteristics:
Match the following states of matter with their characteristics:
What is the name for the state of matter in which the particles are arranged in a regular manner?
What is the name for the state of matter in which the particles are arranged in a regular manner?
What is the name for the state of matter where the particles move quickly in all directions and are far apart?
What is the name for the state of matter where the particles move quickly in all directions and are far apart?
What is the name for the state of matter where the particles move around each other and are close together?
What is the name for the state of matter where the particles move around each other and are close together?
The forces between the particles change as you change state.
The forces between the particles change as you change state.
Adding heat energy can be equated with kinetic energy.
Adding heat energy can be equated with kinetic energy.
What is the process called when you add solvent to a solution?
What is the process called when you add solvent to a solution?
What is the effect of adding solvent to a solution?
What is the effect of adding solvent to a solution?
Which gas diffuses faster, ammonia or hydrogen chloride?
Which gas diffuses faster, ammonia or hydrogen chloride?
Which of these is a safety hazard when working with hydrogen chloride? (Select all that apply)
Which of these is a safety hazard when working with hydrogen chloride? (Select all that apply)
Flashcards
Solid state
Solid state
A state of matter with a fixed volume and shape, where particles are closely packed in a regular arrangement and vibrate only.
Liquid state
Liquid state
A state of matter with a fixed volume but changeable shape, where particles are randomly arranged and can flow past each other.
Gas state
Gas state
A state of matter with no fixed volume or shape, where particles are randomly arranged and move quickly in all directions.
Dilution
Dilution
The process of decreasing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent.
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Diffusion
Diffusion
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
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Element
Element
A substance made up of only one type of atom.
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Compound
Compound
A substance made of different types of atoms chemically bonded together.
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Mixture
Mixture
A substance made of different elements or compounds mixed, but not bonded.
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Solution
Solution
A mixture where a solute dissolves in a solvent.
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Solute
Solute
The substance that dissolves in a solution.
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Solvent
Solvent
The substance that a solute dissolves in.
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Soluble
Soluble
Able to dissolve in a given solvent.
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Insoluble
Insoluble
Unable to dissolve in a given solvent.
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Solubility
Solubility
The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.
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Filtration
Filtration
Separating a solid from a liquid using a filter.
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Evaporation
Evaporation
Separating a solid from a liquid by heating to vaporize the liquid.
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Distillation
Distillation
Separating liquids based on different boiling points.
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Fractional Distillation
Fractional Distillation
Separating liquids with very close boiling points
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Chromatography
Chromatography
Separating substances based on different solubilities.
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RF Value
RF Value
A value used to identify components in a mixture.
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RF Calculation
RF Calculation
RF = distance travelled by solute / distance travelled by solvent
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Solids, Liquids, and Gases
- Solids are very hard to compress, cannot be poured, and hold a fixed shape and volume.
- Liquids are hard to compress, can be poured, and take the shape of their container but have a fixed volume.
- Gases are easy to compress, can be poured, and take the shape and volume of their container.
- Particles in solids have a regular arrangement and vibrate about fixed positions.
- Particles in liquids have a random arrangement and move around each other.
- Particles in gases have a random arrangement and move quickly in all directions.
- Changing state involves changes in the forces between particles and adding or removing heat energy (kinetic energy).
- Processes like melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, sublimation, and decomposition are examples of state changes.
Dilution and Diffusion
- Dilution is adding solvent to a solution. This decreases the concentration of the solute in the solution.
- Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
- Hydrogen chloride diffuses slower than ammonia because of its larger particles and ammonia has smaller particles.
- Hazards of working with these substances include corrosive gases, requiring safety equipment like gloves and goggles.
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