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# 16. ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS & MIXTURES **Elements:** * Element is something made up of one type of atom. **Compounds:** * Compound is made of different atoms that are chemically bonded. **Mixtures:** * Mixture is made up of elements or compounds that are mixed together and can be separated. ## SOL...

# 16. ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS & MIXTURES **Elements:** * Element is something made up of one type of atom. **Compounds:** * Compound is made of different atoms that are chemically bonded. **Mixtures:** * Mixture is made up of elements or compounds that are mixed together and can be separated. ## SOLUBILITY **Key words:** * **Solution:** A substance when a solute dissolves in a solvent. * **Solute:** A solid that dissolves in a liquid. * **Solvent:** The liquid in which a solid is dissolved. * **Soluble:** Describes a solid that dissolves. * **Insoluble:** Describes a solid that does not dissolve. **Solubility:** The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent. * The solubility of a solid is affected by temperature. * As solubility increases, solids become more soluble. ## SEPARATING TECHNIQUES **Filtration:** [Diagram of a filtration apparatus] **Evaporation:** [Diagram of an evaporation apparatus] **Distillation (simple):** [Diagram of a simple distillation apparatus] * Used when components have very close boiling points. * Simple distillation is used when boiling points are significantly different. **Fractional Distillation:** * used when the components have close boiling points, * Simple distillation is used when boiling points are significantly different. ## CHROMATOGRAPHY * Chromatography is a technique used to separate different solubilities in a solvent. * The higher the solubility, the higher they will travel. * An impure substance will show up with more than one spot; a pure substance should only show up with one spot. **RF Value:** * Used to identify the components or mixtures. * RF value of a particular compound is always the same. **RF Calculation:** RF = $\frac{\text{distance travelled by solute}}{\text{distance travelled by solvent}}$