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# Chemistry Revision Guide ## 1a Solids, Liquids & Gases **Solids:** * Very difficult to squash. * Cannot be poured. * Cannot change volume/shape. **Liquids:** * Difficult to squash. * Can be poured. * Can change volume/shape. **Gases:** * Easy to squash. * Can be poured. * Can change volume/...

# Chemistry Revision Guide ## 1a Solids, Liquids & Gases **Solids:** * Very difficult to squash. * Cannot be poured. * Cannot change volume/shape. **Liquids:** * Difficult to squash. * Can be poured. * Can change volume/shape. **Gases:** * Easy to squash. * Can be poured. * Can change volume/shape. **Diagram:** ``` SOLID MELTING --> LIQUID EVAPORATING --> GAS FREEZING CONDENSING SUBLIMATION DECOMPOSITION ``` **Particle Arrangement and Movement:** * **Solid:** Regular arrangement, vibrate about a fixed position * **Liquid:** Random arrangement, move around (flow past) each other. * **Gas:** Random arrangement, move quickly in all directions, far apart **Forces and Energy:** * The forces between the particles change as you change state * Adding heat energy = Kinetic energy ## 2a Dilution + Diffusion **Dilution Diagram:** ``` (Diagram showing a beaker of a solution with a smaller amount of solvent) --> (Diagram of the same beaker with more solvent added) ``` * **Dilution** is when you add solvent to a solution. The amount of solvent added to a solution changes its concentration. * Adding solvent decreases concentration. **Diffusion:** * **Diagram showing hydrogen chloride and ammonia in a tube** * Hydrogen chloride diffuses slower than ammonia because ammonia has smaller particles. It diffuses faster than bigger hydrogen chloride particles. **Hazards:** * Corrosive gas * Use gloves and goggles