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Starvation and Waste Products in the Body
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Starvation and Waste Products in the Body

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the renal cortex in the kidney?

  • To provide structural support and blood supply to the kidney
  • To filter blood and form urine (correct)
  • To collect urine from the renal pyramids
  • To produce urea from ammonia
  • Which of the following is a product of nucleic acid catabolism in the body?

  • Creatinine
  • Uric acid (correct)
  • Urea
  • Ammonia
  • What is the role of the liver in the formation of urea?

  • The liver converts ammonia to urea (correct)
  • The liver filters blood and removes urea from the body
  • The liver stores urea for later use in the body
  • The liver synthesizes urea from amino acids
  • What is the primary function of the renal medulla in the kidney?

    <p>To concentrate urine by reabsorbing water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nephron, the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney?

    <p>To filter blood and form urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the body's cardiac output is received by the kidneys?

    <p>21%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) in urine formation?

    <p>Reabsorption of sodium and potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the ascending limb of the nephron loop create a salinity gradient?

    <p>By pumping solutes out into the extracellular fluid (ECF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the collecting duct in the urinary system?

    <p>Concentration of urine and conservation of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does tubular reabsorption play in urine formation?

    <p>Adds useful solutes to the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron forms a juxtaglomerular apparatus by contacting the renal corpuscle?

    <p>Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In urine formation, what is the function of tubular secretion?

    <p>Adds wastes to the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net effect of Aldosterone on the body?

    <p>Retention of Na+, Cl−, and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the secretion of Aldosterone from the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Drop in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) on the kidney?

    <p>Increases permeability of collecting duct to water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a proportionate loss of water and sodium with normal osmolarity?

    <p>Volume Depletion (Hypovolemia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)?

    <p>Tumors that secrete excessive ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of Dehydration (negative water balance)?

    <p>Lack of drinking water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding osmotic pressure?

    <p>It is the tendency of water to move from a region of high solute concentration to a region of low solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If two solutions are isosmotic, what can be inferred about their osmotic pressures?

    <p>Both solutions have the same osmotic pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a hyposmotic solution is placed on one side of a semipermeable membrane and a hyperosmotic solution is placed on the other side, which way will the net movement of water occur?

    <p>From the hyposmotic solution to the hyperosmotic solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total body water (TBW) is typically found in the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment?

    <p>65%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following systems is NOT mentioned as contributing to the maintenance of homeostatic balance in the body?

    <p>Reproductive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of homeostatic balance is NOT mentioned in the text?

    <p>Temperature balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is primarily responsible for the kidney's ability to maintain a relatively stable glomerular filtration rate (GFR) despite changes in systemic blood pressure?

    <p>Myogenic mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism, what happens when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is high?

    <p>The macula densa stimulates the juxtaglomerular cells to contract, constricting the afferent arteriole and reducing GFR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulating glomerular filtration?

    <p>Sympathetic nerve fibers innervate the afferent arterioles and cause them to constrict, reducing GFR and urine output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mesangial cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

    <p>Contracting or relaxing to modify the surface area of the glomerular capillaries and regulate GFR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the myogenic mechanism of autoregulation, what happens when arterial blood pressure increases?

    <p>The afferent arteriole constricts, reducing the glomerular hydrostatic pressure and GFR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the macula densa in the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism?

    <p>Sensing changes in the filtrate composition and regulating the afferent arteriole accordingly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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