Staphylococci
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Questions and Answers

What virulence factors does aureus have to protect itself from neutrophil-mediated killing?

  • Enterotoxins
  • Toxin production in food (correct)
  • Antibody resistance
  • Capsule formation

    • Which type of organisms are Staphylococci?

  • Spiral
  • Rod-shaped
  • Bacilli
  • Spherical (correct)

    • What distinguishes Staphylococcal Food Poisoning from other foodborne illnesses regarding food taste and storage?

  • Causes bad taste in food
  • Requires refrigeration to prevent illness
  • Is heat-resistant during cooking
  • Has no effect on food taste (correct)

    • What is a major problem organism among Staphylococci according to the text?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of Staphylococcal enterotoxins on the body?

    <p>Central Nervous System (CNS) effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is antibiotic treatment deemed unnecessary for Staphylococcal Food Poisoning?

    <p>Rapid recovery without antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is hydrolyzed by Staphylococcus aureus according to the text?

    <p>Coagulase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following colors is associated with Staphylococcus aureus?

    <p>Yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which predisposing factor increases the risk of Staphylococcal Food Poisoning?

    <p>Immunodeficiency diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Staphylococcus aureus develop resistance to antibiotics like penicillin?

    <p>By altering cell wall structure via PBP gene modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing characteristic of Staphylococcus epidermidis compared to S.aureus?

    <p>Mannitol fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Staphylococcus species is resistant to Novobiocin?

    <p>S.epidermidis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) from Penicillin-resistant strains?

    <p>Production of beta-lactamase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is S.epidermidis less susceptible to specific antibiotics compared to S.aureus according to the text?

    <ul> <li>Novobiocin resistance</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Coagulase, as described in the text?

    <p>Converts fibrinogen to fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of Protein A in Staphylococcus aureus?

    <p>Inhibits antibody-mediated opsonization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does Catalase have on hydrogen peroxide, according to the text?

    <p>Breaks it down to O2 and H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Capsule or slime layer contribute to the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus?

    <p>Prevents phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme damages connective tissue according to the text?

    <p>Hyaluronidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Cell wall components of Staphylococcus aureus?

    <p>Binds to exposed fibronectin in wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor makes Staphylococcus aureus look less foreign and masks its harmfulness?

    <p>Protein A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between nosocomial and community-associated MRSA infections?

    <p>Nosocomial infections occur in healthcare settings, while community-associated infections occur outside of healthcare facilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for nosocomial MRSA infection?

    <p>Being a healthy person without any underlying conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did the first cases of Community-Associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections occur?

    <p>Detroit, Michigan among IV drug users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the typical manifestations of Staph or MRSA infections in the community?

    <p>Usually manifested as skin infections like pimples and boils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is more likely to get nosocomial MRSA infections?

    <p>Patients undergoing prolonged antimicrobial chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population group was NOT mentioned as being at risk for Community-Associated MRSA?

    <p>Elderly individuals in nursing homes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines MRSA infection as 'community-associated'?

    <p>Infections acquired by persons not recently hospitalized or having medical procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for CA-MRSA infections?

    <p>Regular visit to the hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism through which MRSA becomes resistant to penicillin-derived antibiotics?

    <p>Production of PBP2a protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics is effective against some multi-drug resistant MRSA strains?

    <p>Linezolid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vancomycin in treating MRSA infections?

    <p>It targets and disrupts the cell wall synthesis in MRSA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for CA-MRSA infections according to the text?

    <p>Methicillin use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes penicillin-derived antibiotics inactive in the presence of MRSA?

    <p>Hydrolysis of the β-lactam ring by zyme β-lactamases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are vancomycin-resistant MRSA strains a concern in healthcare settings?

    <p>They are associated with higher mortality rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alternative antibiotics are mentioned in the text for treating MRSA infections?

    <p>Oxazolidinones and streptogrammins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of PBP2a protein in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)?

    <p>It alters the function of penicillin-binding proteins (PBP's)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are permanent indwelling catheters considered a risk factor for CA-MRSA infections?

    <p>They provide a direct passage for MRSA to enter the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

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