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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of signal-generator circuits in electronic systems?
In which type of systems are clock pulses commonly used?
What is the frequency range of signals that can be generated by signal-generator circuits studied in this chapter?
What is an example of a commonly encountered oscillator that utilizes a quartz crystal?
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What type of components are used in some signal-generator circuits?
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What is an example of a system that employs signals of a variety of waveforms for testing purposes?
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What is the primary purpose of the nonlinear mechanism in the generation of sinusoids?
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What is the name given to the circuits that generate sinusoids using resonance phenomena?
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What is the purpose of the RC or LC frequency-selective network in the generation of sinusoids?
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What is the name given to the circuits that generate square, triangular, pulse, etc. waveforms?
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What is the primary component used in the multivibrator circuits presented in this chapter?
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What is the purpose of the 555 timer IC chip?
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Study Notes
Signal Generator Circuits
- Electronic systems often require signals with prescribed standard waveforms, such as sinusoidal, square, triangular, or pulse waves.
- Systems that require standard signals include computer and control systems, communication systems, and test and measurement systems.
Oscillator Circuits
- Oscillator circuits studied in this chapter can provide signals with frequencies ranging from hertz to hundreds of gigahertz.
- Some oscillators can be fabricated on chip, while others utilize discrete components.
- Examples of commonly encountered oscillators include:
- Microprocessor clock generators (fabricated on chip, frequencies in the several-gigahertz range)
- Carrier-waveform generators in wireless transceivers (on chip, up to hundreds-of-gigahertz range)
- Oscillators in electronic watches (utilizing quartz crystals, frequency of 215 Hz)
- Variable-frequency function generators in electronics labs (utilizing discrete circuits, frequencies in the hertz to megahertz range)
Generation of Sinusoids
- There are two approaches for generating sinusoids:
- The first approach employs a positive-feedback loop consisting of an amplifier and an RC or LC frequency-selective network.
- The second approach involves shaping a triangular waveform to obtain a sine wave.
Linear Oscillators
- Linear oscillators generate sine waves using resonance phenomena.
- The frequency of the generated sine wave is determined by the frequency-selective network.
- The amplitude is set using a nonlinear mechanism.
Nonlinear Oscillators (Function Generators)
- Nonlinear oscillators, also known as function generators, employ multivibrators to generate square, triangular, pulse, and other waveforms.
- There are three types of multivibrators: bistable, astable, and monostable.
- These multivibrator circuits employ op amps and are intended for precision analog applications.
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Description
Quiz on standard waveforms and their applications in electronic systems, including computer, control, communication, and test and measurement systems.
