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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of signal-generator circuits in electronic systems?
What is the primary purpose of signal-generator circuits in electronic systems?
In which type of systems are clock pulses commonly used?
In which type of systems are clock pulses commonly used?
What is the frequency range of signals that can be generated by signal-generator circuits studied in this chapter?
What is the frequency range of signals that can be generated by signal-generator circuits studied in this chapter?
What is an example of a commonly encountered oscillator that utilizes a quartz crystal?
What is an example of a commonly encountered oscillator that utilizes a quartz crystal?
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What type of components are used in some signal-generator circuits?
What type of components are used in some signal-generator circuits?
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What is an example of a system that employs signals of a variety of waveforms for testing purposes?
What is an example of a system that employs signals of a variety of waveforms for testing purposes?
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What is the primary purpose of the nonlinear mechanism in the generation of sinusoids?
What is the primary purpose of the nonlinear mechanism in the generation of sinusoids?
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What is the name given to the circuits that generate sinusoids using resonance phenomena?
What is the name given to the circuits that generate sinusoids using resonance phenomena?
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What is the purpose of the RC or LC frequency-selective network in the generation of sinusoids?
What is the purpose of the RC or LC frequency-selective network in the generation of sinusoids?
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What is the name given to the circuits that generate square, triangular, pulse, etc. waveforms?
What is the name given to the circuits that generate square, triangular, pulse, etc. waveforms?
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What is the primary component used in the multivibrator circuits presented in this chapter?
What is the primary component used in the multivibrator circuits presented in this chapter?
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What is the purpose of the 555 timer IC chip?
What is the purpose of the 555 timer IC chip?
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Study Notes
Signal Generator Circuits
- Electronic systems often require signals with prescribed standard waveforms, such as sinusoidal, square, triangular, or pulse waves.
- Systems that require standard signals include computer and control systems, communication systems, and test and measurement systems.
Oscillator Circuits
- Oscillator circuits studied in this chapter can provide signals with frequencies ranging from hertz to hundreds of gigahertz.
- Some oscillators can be fabricated on chip, while others utilize discrete components.
- Examples of commonly encountered oscillators include:
- Microprocessor clock generators (fabricated on chip, frequencies in the several-gigahertz range)
- Carrier-waveform generators in wireless transceivers (on chip, up to hundreds-of-gigahertz range)
- Oscillators in electronic watches (utilizing quartz crystals, frequency of 215 Hz)
- Variable-frequency function generators in electronics labs (utilizing discrete circuits, frequencies in the hertz to megahertz range)
Generation of Sinusoids
- There are two approaches for generating sinusoids:
- The first approach employs a positive-feedback loop consisting of an amplifier and an RC or LC frequency-selective network.
- The second approach involves shaping a triangular waveform to obtain a sine wave.
Linear Oscillators
- Linear oscillators generate sine waves using resonance phenomena.
- The frequency of the generated sine wave is determined by the frequency-selective network.
- The amplitude is set using a nonlinear mechanism.
Nonlinear Oscillators (Function Generators)
- Nonlinear oscillators, also known as function generators, employ multivibrators to generate square, triangular, pulse, and other waveforms.
- There are three types of multivibrators: bistable, astable, and monostable.
- These multivibrator circuits employ op amps and are intended for precision analog applications.
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Description
Quiz on standard waveforms and their applications in electronic systems, including computer, control, communication, and test and measurement systems.
