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Questions and Answers
What is the minimum duration for proper handwashing to effectively remove pathogens?
What is the minimum duration for proper handwashing to effectively remove pathogens?
Which of the following statements about glove usage is correct?
Which of the following statements about glove usage is correct?
Why is it essential to wear fluid-resistant gowns in certain situations?
Why is it essential to wear fluid-resistant gowns in certain situations?
What should be done with contaminated linen?
What should be done with contaminated linen?
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What is the most effective method for hand hygiene when caring for a client with diarrhea?
What is the most effective method for hand hygiene when caring for a client with diarrhea?
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What is the correct procedure for removing gloves?
What is the correct procedure for removing gloves?
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When should masks and goggles be worn?
When should masks and goggles be worn?
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What is the purpose of using puncture-resistant containers for sharps disposal?
What is the purpose of using puncture-resistant containers for sharps disposal?
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Under what conditions is it not advisable to recap or bend used needles?
Under what conditions is it not advisable to recap or bend used needles?
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What should be ensured regarding the gown worn during client care in isolation?
What should be ensured regarding the gown worn during client care in isolation?
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What is the primary purpose of airborne precautions?
What is the primary purpose of airborne precautions?
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Which statement accurately describes contact precautions?
Which statement accurately describes contact precautions?
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What should be done with a sterile package that becomes wet?
What should be done with a sterile package that becomes wet?
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What is the recommended time frame for wearing a mask?
What is the recommended time frame for wearing a mask?
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Which of the following describes the procedure for opening sterile packages?
Which of the following describes the procedure for opening sterile packages?
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What precaution should be taken when transporting clients under isolation precautions?
What precaution should be taken when transporting clients under isolation precautions?
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What is considered unsterile in the surgical asepsis principle?
What is considered unsterile in the surgical asepsis principle?
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What should caregivers avoid doing over open sterile items?
What should caregivers avoid doing over open sterile items?
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What type of mask must caregivers wear when attending to clients requiring airborne precautions?
What type of mask must caregivers wear when attending to clients requiring airborne precautions?
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What type of items should not be brought into the room of an immunocompromised client?
What type of items should not be brought into the room of an immunocompromised client?
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Which of the following is a critical component of standard precautions?
Which of the following is a critical component of standard precautions?
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What should be done to gloves before usage in a healthcare setting?
What should be done to gloves before usage in a healthcare setting?
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When should fluid-resistant gowns be utilized?
When should fluid-resistant gowns be utilized?
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Which of the following describes a correct action for handling single-use items?
Which of the following describes a correct action for handling single-use items?
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What is the primary reason for wearing powder-free gloves?
What is the primary reason for wearing powder-free gloves?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a part of miscellaneous standard precautions?
Which of the following is NOT considered a part of miscellaneous standard precautions?
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When should hand hygiene with soap and water be prioritized over alcohol-based sanitizers?
When should hand hygiene with soap and water be prioritized over alcohol-based sanitizers?
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What should be done if gloves are damaged during use?
What should be done if gloves are damaged during use?
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Which action is appropriate for disposing of sharps?
Which action is appropriate for disposing of sharps?
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What is the purpose of wearing masks, eye protection, and face shields in a healthcare setting?
What is the purpose of wearing masks, eye protection, and face shields in a healthcare setting?
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What is the correct sequence for removing personal protective equipment (PPE) after contact with a patient?
What is the correct sequence for removing personal protective equipment (PPE) after contact with a patient?
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Which of the following describes the requirements for contacts precautions?
Which of the following describes the requirements for contacts precautions?
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What step should be taken immediately after donning a mask?
What step should be taken immediately after donning a mask?
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What is required for clients receiving airborne precautions?
What is required for clients receiving airborne precautions?
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In surgical asepsis, which principle involves the positioning of sterile objects?
In surgical asepsis, which principle involves the positioning of sterile objects?
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What should be done if a sterile package becomes wet?
What should be done if a sterile package becomes wet?
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Which of the following is a guideline for handling sterile solutions?
Which of the following is a guideline for handling sterile solutions?
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What type of items are strictly prohibited in the room of an immunocompromised client?
What type of items are strictly prohibited in the room of an immunocompromised client?
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How should a gown be removed to ensure minimal contamination?
How should a gown be removed to ensure minimal contamination?
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Under what condition are sterile fields considered contaminated?
Under what condition are sterile fields considered contaminated?
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Study Notes
Standard Precautions
- Standard precautions apply to all blood products, bodily fluids, broken skin, and mucous membranes, and are designed to prevent the spread of infection.
- Handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or using alcohol-based hand sanitizer until dry is crucial.
- Gloves should be worn anytime there is a risk of contact with bodily fluids.
- Masks, eye protection, and face shields should be used according to the needs of the client.
- Gowns should be fluid resistant and used when there is a risk of splashing or contact with bodily fluids.
- Biohazard waste should be disposed of in appropriate containers as per facility policy.
- Linen should be managed according to facility policy and should be separated for isolation clients.
- Used sharps should be disposed of in puncture-resistant containers, and needles should never be recapped, bent, or broken.
- All items should be considered single-use unless explicitly stated otherwise by the facility.
Hand Hygiene
- Hand hygiene is the most important preventative technique in infection control.
- Hands should be washed before and after client care, removal of gloves, between clients, after touching bodily fluids, and when hands are visibly soiled.
- Soap and water should be used for clients with diarrhea, as alcohol-based sanitizer may not effectively remove C. difficile bacteria.
Gloving
- Gloves should be inspected for perforations before use.
- Gloves should be worn when ready to begin client care and should be changed between procedures and after handling infectious drainage.
- Gloves should be removed by turning them inside out, using the palm of one glove to remove the other.
Gowning
- Gowns should be fluid-resistant and used for clients in isolation or when there is a risk of splashing or contact with bodily fluids.
- Gowns should be considered single-use.
- Necessary items should be removed before putting on a gown.
- Gowns should be secured before entering the room and should cover the entire uniform down to below the knees.
- Gowns should be removed by removing gloves first, then unfastening the ties, and then turning the gown inside out and rolling it as you pull it off.
Mask and Goggles
- Masks and goggles should be worn to protect the wearer from inhaling harmful microorganisms.
- Masks should cover the mouth, nose, and chin, and some masks include a shield to protect the eyes.
- Masks should be secured with ties or ear loops and should be worn for no longer than 20-30 minutes.
- Masks should be removed by unfastening the ties or pulling off the ear loops, and then disposed of by the ties.
Tier Two Transmission Precautions
Airborne Precautions
- Airborne precautions are used to prevent the spread of infectious microorganisms that can be inhaled via small droplets that can travel long distances on air currents.
- Clients requiring airborne precautions need a private room with negative-pressure airflow, with six to twelve exchanges of air per hour.
- Caregivers and visitors need to wear N95 masks, which should be fit-tested to ensure a proper seal.
Droplet Precautions
- Droplet precautions are used to prevent the spread of infectious microorganisms that are spread via larger droplets that travel shorter distances in the air.
- Clients requiring droplet precautions need a private room or a room with another client with the same disease process.
- Caregivers and visitors need to wear masks.
Contact Precautions
- Contact precautions are used to prevent the spread of infectious microorganisms that can be transmitted via direct contact or contact with contaminated surfaces.
- Clients requiring contact precautions need a private room or a room with another client with the same infection.
- Caregivers and visitors need to wear gloves and a gown.
- Dedicated equipment should be kept in the room to minimize contamination.
- Infectious dressings should be disposed of in a single, non-porous bag.
Immunocompromised Clients (Reverse Isolation)
- Immunocompromised clients need a private room with limited visitors, and no children or individuals with active infections should be allowed access.
- No live plants, flowers, raw fruits and vegetables, or yogurt/buttermilk should be brought into the room.
- All surfaces should be cleaned adequately and should be made of hard material.
- Caregivers need to wear a head cover, mask, gown, gloves, and even shoe covers.
Transportation of Clients
- Client transportation should be limited to reduce the risk of contamination.
- If transportation is necessary, precautions should be taken to ensure the environment is not contaminated.### Infection Control
- Healthcare workers should wear gowns for contact isolation or masks, depending on the level of isolation required.
- Healthcare workers should be aware of cleaning protocols for contact isolation, and clean any surfaces they touch.
Surgical Asepsis
- Surgical asepsis is a sterile technique used in surgeries, labor and delivery, and some bedside procedures.
- It aims to prevent contamination of sterile fields and materials.
- Procedures requiring surgical asepsis include IV insertion, wound care, and central line insertion.
Surgical Asepsis Principles
- Perform hand hygiene before and after any sterile procedure, including gowning and gloving.
- Maintain a clean, dry working surface and use sterile supplies.
- Ensure adequate ventilation to minimize airborne contamination.
- Avoid coughing, sneezing, or talking directly over open sterile items.
- Only sterile items can touch other sterile items or the sterile field.
- The 1-inch outer border of the sterile field is considered unsterile.
- Touch sterile materials with sterile gloves.
- Hold sterile objects above the waistline and within visible range.
- Discard any non-waterproof sterile package that becomes wet.
- Place sterile items on a clean, dry surface.
- Check the label of sterile solutions before using them.
- When opening a sterile solution, hold the top up and lip (pour some out) before use.
- Pour the solution off the same side that was lipped.
- When pouring, keep the bottle label facing your palm.
- Fluid follows gravity, so during procedures, hold hands above elbows when washing or rinsing.
Opening Sterile Packages
- Perform hand hygiene before opening.
- Place the package flat on a clean surface.
- Remove the tape or seal indicating sterilization date.
- Grasp the outermost flap of the package, working away from your body.
- Open the first side flap and allow it to lie flat on the surface.
- Open the top flap and repeat the process of laying it flat on the surface to prevent contamination.
- Open small sterile items in your hand and pass them to someone wearing sterile gloves, or transfer them to the sterile field.
Sterile Gloving
- Refer to skill 79 for detailed instructions on sterile gowning and gloving.
Pouring Sterile Solutions
- Keep the sterile solution container upright, with the cap side up.
- Lip (pour a small amount) out before using the solution.
- Keep the bottle label facing your palm to prevent contamination from spills.
- Avoid splashing and make sure solution doesn’t touch the container you are pouring it into.
Standard Precautions
- Standard precautions apply to all blood products, bodily fluids, broken skin, and mucous membranes, and are designed to prevent the spread of infection.
- Hand hygiene is crucial, wash with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or use alcohol-based hand sanitizer until dry.
- Wear gloves anytime there is a risk of contact with bodily fluids.
- Masks, eye protection, and face shields should be used according to the needs of the client.
- Use fluid-resistant gowns when there is a risk of splashing or contact with bodily fluids.
- Dispose of biohazard waste in appropriate containers as per facility policy.
- Manage linen according to facility policy, separating isolation client linens.
- Dispose of used sharps in puncture-resistant containers, never recap, bend, or break needles.
- Consider all items single-use unless explicitly stated otherwise by the facility.
Hand Hygiene
- The most important preventative technique in infection control.
- Wash hands before and after client care, removing gloves, between clients, after touching bodily fluids, and when hands are visibly soiled.
- Use soap and water for clients with diarrhea, as alcohol-based sanitizer may not effectively remove C.difficile bacteria.
Gloving
- Inspect gloves for perforations before use.
- Wear gloves when ready to begin client care and change between procedures and after handling infectious drainage.
- Remove gloves by turning them inside out, using the palm of one glove to remove the other.
Gowning
- Fluid-resistant gowns are used for clients in isolation or when there is a risk of splashing or contact with bodily fluids.
- Gowns are considered single-use.
- Remove necessary items before putting on a gown.
- Secure gowns before entering the room and ensure they cover the entire uniform down to below the knees.
- Remove gowns by removing gloves first, then unfastening the ties, turning the gown inside out and rolling it as you pull it off.
Mask and Goggles
- Worn to protect the wearer from inhaling harmful microorganisms.
- Masks should cover the mouth, nose, and chin, and some masks include a shield to protect the eyes.
- Masks should be secured with ties or ear loops and worn for no longer than 20-30 minutes.
- Remove masks by unfastening the ties or pulling off the ear loops, and then dispose of them by the ties.
Tier Two Transmission Precautions
Airborne Precautions
- Prevent the spread of infectious microorganisms that can be inhaled via small droplets that travel long distances on air currents.
- Clients requiring airborne precautions need a private room with negative-pressure airflow, with six to twelve exchanges of air per hour.
- Caregivers and visitors need to wear N95 masks, which should be fit-tested to ensure a proper seal.
Droplet Precautions
- Prevent the spread of infectious microorganisms that are spread via larger droplets that travel shorter distances in the air.
- Clients requiring droplet precautions need a private room or a room with another client with the same disease process.
- Caregivers and visitors need to wear masks.
Contact Precautions
- Prevent the spread of infectious microorganisms that can be transmitted via direct contact or contact with contaminated surfaces.
- Clients requiring contact precautions need a private room or a room with another client with the same infection.
- Caregivers and visitors need to wear gloves and a gown.
- Dedicated equipment should be kept in the room to minimize contamination.
- Infectious dressings should be disposed of in a single, non-porous bag.
Immunocompromised Clients (Reverse Isolation)
- Immunocompromised clients need a private room with limited visitors, no children or individuals with active infections should be allowed access.
- No live plants, flowers, raw fruits and vegetables, or yogurt/buttermilk should be brought into the room.
- All surfaces should be cleaned adequately and should be made of hard material.
- Caregivers need to wear a head cover, mask, gown, gloves, and even shoe covers.
Transportation of Clients
- Client transportation should be limited to reduce the risk of contamination.
- If transportation is necessary, precautions should be taken to ensure the environment is not contaminated.
Infection Control
- Healthcare workers should wear gowns for contact isolation or masks, depending on the level of isolation required.
- Healthcare workers should be aware of cleaning protocols for contact isolation, and clean any surfaces they touch.
Surgical Asepsis
- A sterile technique used in surgeries, labor and delivery, and some bedside procedures.
- Aims to prevent contamination of sterile fields and materials.
- Procedures requiring surgical asepsis include IV insertion, wound care, and central line insertion.
Surgical Asepsis Principles
- Perform hand hygiene before and after any sterile procedure, including gowning and gloving.
- Maintain a clean, dry working surface and use sterile supplies.
- Ensure adequate ventilation to minimize airborne contamination.
- Avoid coughing, sneezing, or talking directly over open sterile items.
- Only sterile items can touch other sterile items or the sterile field.
- The 1-inch outer border of the sterile field is considered unsterile.
- Touch sterile materials with sterile gloves.
- Hold sterile objects above the waistline and within visible range.
- Discard any non-waterproof sterile package that becomes wet.
- Place sterile items on a clean, dry surface.
- Check the label of sterile solutions before using them.
- When opening a sterile solution, hold the top up and lip (pour some out) before use.
- Pour the solution off the same side that was lipped.
- When pouring, keep the bottle label facing your palm.
- Fluid follows gravity, so during procedures, hold hands above elbows when washing or rinsing.
Opening Sterile Packages
- Perform hand hygiene before opening.
- Place the package flat on a clean surface.
- Remove the tape or seal indicating sterilization date.
- Grasp the outermost flap of the package, working away from your body.
- Open the first side flap and allow it to lie flat on the surface.
- Open the top flap and repeat the process of laying it flat on the surface to prevent contamination.
- Open small sterile items in your hand and pass them to someone wearing sterile gloves, or transfer them to the sterile field.
Sterile Gloving
- Refer to skill 79 for detailed instructions on sterile gowning and gloving.
Pouring Sterile Solutions
- Keep the sterile solution container upright, with the cap side up.
- Lip (pour a small amount) out before using the solution.
- Keep the bottle label facing your palm to prevent contamination from spills.
- Avoid splashing and make sure solution doesn’t touch the container you are pouring it into.
Standard Precautions
- Apply to blood, bodily fluids, secretions, broken skin, and mucous membranes
- Hand hygiene is crucial, using soap and water or alcohol-based cleansers
- Gloves should be worn and inspected for damage, changing if necessary
- Masks, eye protection, and face shields are used based on patient needs
- Gowns should be fluid-resistant, worn for wound care or potential splashing
- Single-use items should not be reused
- Thorough handwashing is essential, especially when hands are visibly soiled
- Soap and water are preferred over alcohol-based sanitizers for clients with diarrhea
Gloving
- Wear powder-free gloves when possible to reduce latex allergy risk
- Inspect gloves for damage, wear them only once
- Change gloves if torn or after contact with infectious drainage
- Do not touch surfaces with contaminated gloves
Gowning
- Gowns should be fluid-resistant to protect caregivers and prevent infection spread
- Remove unnecessary items before putting on a gown
- Secure gown ties before entering the room
- Gown should cover uniform to at least below the knees
- Remove gloves before removing a gown
- Roll the gown inward when removing it
Masks and Goggles
- Masks protect caregivers from harmful microorganisms during procedures that cause splashing
- Position the mask to cover the chin, mouth, and nose
- Secure the mask with ties or ear loops
- Avoid touching the mask with contaminated gloves
- Remove the mask by grabbing the ties or ear loops and discard it
Tier 2: Transmission Precautions
- These precautions are used to protect caregivers and visitors from specific modes of transmission
Airborne Precautions:
- Used for infections transmitted through small droplets that can be inhaled
- Clients require a private negative pressure room
- Caregivers and visitors must wear a fit-tested N95 mask
Droplet Precautions:
- Used for infections spread by larger droplets that do not linger in the air
- Clients need a private room (double room possible with the same infection)
- Caregivers and visitors must wear a mask
Contact Precautions:
- Used for infections that spread through direct contact
- Clients require a private room
- Caregivers and visitors must wear gloves and a gown
Immune-Compromised Clients (Reverse Isolation):
- Clients with weakened immune systems require protection from infection
- Private room, limited visitors (no children), no uncooked produce, and no live-culture yogurt
- Anyone entering the room must wear a head cover, mask, gown, gloves, and possibly shoe covers
Transporting Clients
- Transportation of clients is minimized
- Steps are taken to ensure environmental safety and minimize potential contamination
Contact Isolation
- Healthcare workers must wear gowns or masks when contacting patients in contact isolation.- Healthcare workers in contact isolation may require full PPE depending on the type of isolation.- Healthcare workers in contact isolation must clean surfaces they touch.
Surgical Asepsis
- Surgical Asepsis is a sterile technique primarily used in surgical areas but can be applied at the bedside for procedures like IV insertion.- IV insertions require specific equipment to be kept sterile.- Sterile technique involves preparing the patient by explaining the procedure and ensuring no sudden movements are made.- Patients should avoid touching sterile supplies, drapes, and gloves.- Patients should avoid coughing, sneezing, or talking over the sterile area.
Sterile Technique Principles
- Wash hands before sterile procedures, including opening sterile products.- Avoid prolonged exposure of sterile items to airborne organisms.- Close containers immediately after use.- Avoid coughing or talking over open sterile items.- Do not perform sterile procedures while sick.- Only sterile items can touch sterile items or the sterile field.- The outer edge of a sterile field is considered unsterile.- Touch sterile materials only with sterile gloves.- Hold sterile objects above the waistline and within visible range.- Consider a package unsterile if punctured, torn, or wet.- Do not reach across or hover over a sterile field.- Open packages away from the body.- Discard any non-waterproof sterile package that becomes wet.- Place sterile items on a clean, dry surface.- Check the label of sterile solutions to ensure the date of opening is less than 24 hours.- Always hold sterile solutions upright with the label facing your palm.- Lip or pour a small amount of solution out of the bottle before using.- Pour solutions off the same side that was lipped.- Fluid follows gravity, so keep hands above elbows and dry from fingers to elbows.- Sterilized items have stickers indicating sterility date.- Prepare a clean working environment before placing sterile supplies.- Open sterile packages by grasping the outer surface of the flap and pulling it away from the body.- Lay open flaps flat on a clean surface.- When opening a small sterile item, hold it in your hand to pass to another person wearing sterile gloves.- Pour solutions by holding the bottle upright, with the label facing the palm to prevent obscuring the label.- Keep the edge of the bottle from touching the receiving container.- Use sterile technique for pouring solutions to avoid contamination and ensure aseptic procedures.- Healthcare providers should be able to utilize sterile technique proficiently.- The principles of sterile technique are crucial in maintaining aseptic processes in healthcare settings.
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Description
This quiz covers essential standard precautions for preventing the spread of infection in healthcare settings. Topics include hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, and safe disposal of biohazard waste. Test your knowledge on the practices necessary to protect both patients and healthcare workers.
