Asepsis & Infection Control Quiz

Definition: The process of maintaining a clean and safe environment to reduce the risk of infections.
Key Practices:
- Regular cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and equipment.
- Proper waste disposal to minimize contamination.
- Control of pests and vermin to reduce vectors of disease.
Air Quality: Ensuring adequate ventilation and air filtration in healthcare settings.

Purpose: To protect healthcare workers and patients from exposure to infectious agents.
Types of PPE:
- Gloves: For handling contaminated materials.
- Masks: To prevent inhalation of pathogens.
- Gowns: To protect skin and clothing from contamination.
- Face shields or goggles: To protect eyes and face from splashes.
Usage Guidelines:
- Proper donning (putting on) and doffing (removing) techniques to prevent self-contamination.
- Ensure PPE is appropriate for the level of exposure risk.

Importance: Most effective method to prevent the spread of infections.
Methods:
- Handwashing with soap and water: Effective for visible dirt and certain pathogens.
- Alcohol-based hand sanitizers: Recommended when soap and water are not available.
When to Perform:
- Before and after patient contact.
- Before aseptic procedures.
- After exposure to bodily fluids or contaminated surfaces.

Definition: The process of eliminating all forms of microbial life, including spores.
Common Methods:
- Autoclaving: Uses steam under pressure; effective for most instruments.
- Dry heat sterilization: Used for materials that cannot withstand moisture.
- Chemical sterilants: For heat-sensitive equipment (e.g., ethylene oxide).
- Radiation: Used for single-use items and certain surgical instruments.
Monitoring: Biological indicators to ensure effectiveness of sterilization processes.

Direct Transmission: Immediate transfer of pathogens from person to person (e.g., touching, kissing).
Indirect Transmission: Involves intermediaries, such as contaminated surfaces or objects (fomites).
Droplet Transmission: Pathogens spread through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing.
Airborne Transmission: Infectious agents that remain suspended in the air and can be inhaled.
Vector-borne Transmission: Spread of infections through vectors (e.g., mosquitoes, ticks).

Maintaining a clean and safe environment reduces infection risks.
Regular cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and equipment are crucial.
Proper waste disposal minimizes contamination, preventing infection spread.
Pest control is essential to reduce disease vectors.
Ensuring good air quality through ventilation and filtration improves safety in healthcare.

PPE safeguards healthcare workers and patients from infectious agents.
Types include:
- Gloves: Protect against contamination while handling materials.
- Masks: Prevent inhalation of infectious particles.
- Gowns: Shield skin and clothing from contamination.
- Face shields/goggles: Protect eyes and face from splashes.
Proper donning and doffing techniques are critical to avoid self-contamination.
PPE must match the level of exposure risk to be effective.

Hand hygiene is the most effective method for preventing infection spread.
Handwashing with soap and water effectively removes dirt and certain pathogens.
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are a practical alternative when soap is unavailable.
Key moments to perform hand hygiene:
- Before and after patient interactions.
- Before performing aseptic procedures.
- After contact with bodily fluids or contaminated surfaces.

Sterilization eliminates all microbial life, including spores.
Common methods of sterilization include:
- Autoclaving: Uses steam under pressure, effective for most instruments.
- Dry heat sterilization: Suitable for materials that are moisture-sensitive.
- Chemical sterilants: Used for heat-sensitive equipment, such as ethylene oxide.
- Radiation sterilization: Effective for single-use items and specific surgical instruments.
Biological indicators are necessary for monitoring the effectiveness of sterilization methods.

Direct Transmission: Pathogens transferred directly between individuals via physical contact.
Indirect Transmission: Involves contaminated surfaces or objects (fomites) acting as intermediaries.
Droplet Transmission: Spread through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing.
Airborne Transmission: Infectious agents that remain airborne and can be inhaled.
Vector-borne Transmission: Infections spread through vectors like mosquitoes and ticks.