Stages of Pregnancy and Complications

Pregnancy and Childbirth

Stages of Pregnancy

• Trimesters: Divided into 3 periods of approximately 13 weeks each
• Fetal Development: Major organs and body systems develop during the first trimester
• Fetal Growth: Rapid growth and maturation occur during the second and third trimesters

Pregnancy Complications

• Preeclampsia: High blood pressure, protein in urine, and swelling
• Gestational Diabetes: High blood sugar levels during pregnancy
• Placenta Previa: Placenta covers the cervix, potentially blocking the baby's exit
• Fetal Distress: Fetal heart rate abnormalities or oxygen deprivation

Labor and Delivery

Types of Labor

• Spontaneous Labor: Natural labor onset
• Induced Labor: Artificially stimulated labor
• Augmented Labor: Labor assistance with oxytocin or other medications

Stages of Labor

• Early Labor: Onset of contractions to 3-4 cm dilation
• Active Labor: 4-7 cm dilation, contractions become more intense
• Transition: 7-10 cm dilation, contractions are strongest
• Pushing: 10 cm dilation, mother pushes the baby out

Delivery Methods

• Vaginal Delivery: Baby delivered through the birth canal
• Cesarean Section (C-Section): Surgical delivery through the abdomen

Gynecological Health

Menstrual Cycle

• Phases: Menstruation, follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase
• Hormonal Regulation: Estrogen and progesterone regulate the cycle

Common Gynecological Conditions

• Endometriosis: Tissue growth outside the uterus, causing pain and infertility
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Hormonal imbalance, cysts on ovaries, and infertility
• Vaginitis: Inflammation or infection of the vagina

Contraception and Family Planning

• Hormonal Methods: Birth control pills, patches, rings, and injections
• Barrier Methods: Condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps
• Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): Copper or hormonal devices inserted into the uterus

Pregnancy and Childbirth

Stages of Pregnancy

• Pregnancy is divided into 3 trimesters, each lasting approximately 13 weeks
• Major organs and body systems develop during the first trimester
• Rapid growth and maturation occur during the second and third trimesters

Pregnancy Complications

• Preeclampsia is a condition characterized by high blood pressure, protein in urine, and swelling
• Gestational diabetes is a condition of high blood sugar levels during pregnancy
• Placenta previa is a condition where the placenta covers the cervix, potentially blocking the baby's exit
• Fetal distress is a condition characterized by fetal heart rate abnormalities or oxygen deprivation

Labor and Delivery

Types of Labor

• Spontaneous labor is a natural labor onset
• Induced labor is artificially stimulated labor
• Augmented labor is labor assistance with oxytocin or other medications

Stages of Labor

• Early labor is the onset of contractions to 3-4 cm dilation
• Active labor is 4-7 cm dilation, where contractions become more intense
• Transition is 7-10 cm dilation, where contractions are strongest
• Pushing is 10 cm dilation, where the mother pushes the baby out

Delivery Methods

• Vaginal delivery is when the baby is delivered through the birth canal
• Cesarean section (C-section) is a surgical delivery through the abdomen

Gynecological Health

Menstrual Cycle

• The menstrual cycle consists of menstruation, follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase
• Estrogen and progesterone regulate the menstrual cycle

Common Gynecological Conditions

• Endometriosis is a condition where tissue grows outside the uterus, causing pain and infertility
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal imbalance, cysts on ovaries, and infertility
• Vaginitis is an inflammation or infection of the vagina

Contraception and Family Planning

• Hormonal methods of contraception include birth control pills, patches, rings, and injections
• Barrier methods of contraception include condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps
• Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are copper or hormonal devices inserted into the uterus