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Questions and Answers
What is the process called when chromatids of homologous chromosomes get entangled and exchange pieces?
During which stage of meiosis do the homologous chromosomes separate from each other and move to opposite poles?
What is the result of crossing over and random assortment of chromosomes during meiosis?
What is the purpose of meiosis in the cell cycle?
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During which stage of meiosis do the spindle fibres disappear?
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What is the term for the point of crossing over between chromatids of homologous chromosomes?
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What happens to the nuclear membrane during prophase of mitosis?
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What is the significance of mitosis in maintaining genetic stability?
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What happens to the sister chromatids during anaphase of mitosis?
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What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?
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What happens to the homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis?
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What is the result of meiosis II?
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What is the significance of mitosis in growth and regeneration?
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What is the event that occurs during telophase of mitosis?
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Study Notes
Stages of Mitosis
- Mitosis involves four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Prophase
- Centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell.
- Spindle fibers appear from the centrioles.
- Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear.
- Chromosomes become visible by coiling and shortening.
Metaphase
- Centromeres of chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell.
- Spindle fibers attach to centromeres of chromosomes.
Anaphase
- Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles, with centromere first.
Telophase
- Chromatids arrive at poles and become complete chromosomes.
- Spindle fibers disappear.
- Chromosomes disappear by unwinding and becoming longer.
- Nucleolus and nuclear membrane reappear.
Importance of Mitosis
- Growth
- Regeneration
- Asexual reproduction (e.g., binary fission in Amoeba)
- Maintaining genetic stability
- Replacement of cells
Meiosis
- Meiosis is a type of nuclear division that produces four haploid daughter cells genetically different from the parent cell.
- It involves two divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II.
- Each division consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Meiosis I
- Prophase I: centrioles move to poles, spindle fibers appear, nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear, and chromosomes become visible.
- Homologous chromosomes pair up, and crossing over occurs between chromatids, contributing to genetic variation.
- Metaphase I: centromeres of homologous chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell, and spindle fibers attach to centromeres.
- Anaphase I: homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles, with centromere first, resulting in random assortment of chromosomes.
- Telophase I: chromosomes arrive at poles, spindle fibers disappear, chromosomes unwind, and nucleolus and nuclear membrane reappear.
Meiosis II
- Events similar to those in mitosis.
Importance of Meiosis
- Formation of gametes (sex cells)
- Contributes to genetic variation due to crossing over and random assortment of chromosomes
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Description
Test your knowledge of mitosis, including its four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Learn about the events that occur during each stage.
