Cell Biology: Mitosis Process

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
It is a crucial aspect of growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms.

Interphase
- Cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division.
- Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
Prophase
- Chromosomes condense further and become visible as distinct structures.
- Nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers form.
Metaphase
- Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell, attached to the spindle fibers.
- Each chromosome is aligned with its identical partner.
Anaphase
- Sister chromatids separate, moving to opposite poles of the cell.
- Spindle fibers contract, pulling the sister chromatids apart.
Telophase
- Chromosomes reach the poles and begin to decondense.
- Nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes.
Cytokinesis
- Cytoplasm divides, and the cell splits into two daughter cells.

Chromatin: The complex of DNA, histone proteins, and other non-histone proteins that make up the chromosome.
Sister chromatids: Identical copies of a chromosome that are connected at the centromere.
Spindle fibers: Protein structures that attach to the centromere of each chromosome and pull them apart during anaphase.
Centromere: The region of the chromosome where the spindle fibers attach.

Mitosis results in two genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in four genetically unique daughter cells.
Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, while meiosis occurs in reproductive cells.

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.
It is crucial for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms.

During interphase, the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division.
Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes during interphase.
In prophase, chromosomes condense further, become visible as distinct structures, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
Spindle fibers form during prophase.
In metaphase, chromosomes line up at the center of the cell, attached to the spindle fibers.
Each chromosome is aligned with its identical partner during metaphase.
In anaphase, sister chromatids separate, moving to opposite poles of the cell.
Spindle fibers contract, pulling the sister chromatids apart during anaphase.
In telophase, chromosomes reach the poles and begin to decondense.
The nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes during telophase.
Cytokinesis is the final stage of mitosis, where the cytoplasm divides, and the cell splits into two daughter cells.

Chromatin is the complex of DNA, histone proteins, and other non-histone proteins that make up the chromosome.
Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome connected at the centromere.
Spindle fibers are protein structures that attach to the centromere of each chromosome and pull them apart during anaphase.
The centromere is the region of the chromosome where the spindle fibers attach.

Mitosis results in two genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in four genetically unique daughter cells.
Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, while meiosis occurs in reproductive cells.

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