Lecture 7

Why is controlled oxidation preferred over simple burning in a cell?

What occurs during the breakdown of simple subunits into Acetyl CoA, ATP, and NADH?

What is the net result of glycolysis?

Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?

What are the 3 stages of glycolysis?

What is the role of the Energy Investment Phase in glycolysis?

Which phase of glycolysis involves the conversion of one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate?

What happens during the Energy Liberation Phase of glycolysis?

What is the end product of alcohol fermentation?

What is the primary function of a dehydrogenase enzyme?

How many ATP (net) are produced in lactic acid fermentation from one glucose molecule?

What happens to the products of glycolysis in the presence of oxygen?

Which enzyme adds a phosphate group to a molecule?

What is the role of NADH in cellular respiration?

How do the end products differ between alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?

Substrate level phosphorylation involves which process?

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

Which term refers to the gain of electrons by a molecule?

What type of reaction involves both oxidation and reduction processes?

Why does controlled oxidation benefit a cell more than simple burning of a molecule?

What is the main difference between catabolism and anabolism?

During which process does a molecule experience a decrease in its oxidation state?

In a redox reaction, what often comes along with an electron when it is picked up?

Which term describes the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones?

How does catabolism differ from anabolism?

During which process does a molecule experience an increase in its oxidation state?

During the Energy Investment Phase of glycolysis, ATP is required to start the process.

Substrate level phosphorylation occurs during the Cleavage Phase of glycolysis.

NADH production is a key outcome of the Energy Investment Phase in glycolysis.

The Energy Liberation Phase of glycolysis involves the conversion of glucose into pyruvate.

In glycolysis, the Cleavage Phase is where ATP is generated from ADP and Pi.

The Energy Investment Phase of glycolysis involves breaking down glucose into smaller molecules.

NADH is a high-energy molecule that carries electrons to the electron transport chain.

During the Cleavage Phase of glycolysis, a six-carbon glucose molecule is split into four three-carbon molecules.

Substrate level phosphorylation results in the direct formation of ATP from ADP and Pi.

Substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from a substrate molecule.

NADH production in glycolysis requires NADP as a precursor.

Kinase is an enzyme that converts a molecule into its isomer.

Dehydrogenase enzyme removes hydrogen ions and electrons.

In the absence of oxygen, the products of glycolysis can undergo fermentation to generate only CO2.

Alcohol fermentation produces lactic acid as its end product.

Lactic Acid Fermentation produces more energy (ATP) per glucose molecule than Alcohol Fermentation.

During the Energy Investment Phase of glycolysis, ATP molecules are consumed to phosphorylate glucose.

The Cleavage Phase of glycolysis involves the conversion of one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.

During the Energy Liberation Phase of glycolysis, NADH is produced.

Substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP, forming ATP.

The production of NADH in glycolysis occurs primarily during the Cleavage Phase.

In glycolysis, the Energy Investment Phase precedes the Cleavage Phase.

The Energy Liberation Phase of glycolysis results in the net production of ATP.

NAD+ is reduced to NADH during some steps of glycolysis.

The production of NADH in glycolysis involves the oxidation of NAD+.

Substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis occurs only once per glucose molecule.

During the Energy Investment Phase of glycolysis, ATP molecules are consumed to phosphorylate ______

The Energy Liberation Phase of glycolysis generates ATP and ______, producing pyruvate molecules at the end

Substrate level phosphorylation involves the transfer of a phosphate group directly to ADP from a ______ molecule

NADH is needed in order for NADH to be produced in glycolysis. The cell uses NADH in oxidative phosphorylation to produce ______

The Cleavage Phase of glycolysis splits the six-carbon glucose molecule into two ______-carbon molecules

The Energy Investment Phase of glycolysis involves breaking down ______ into smaller molecules

Substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a ______ to ADP, forming ATP

NADH production in glycolysis requires ______ as a precursor

The Energy Investment Phase of glycolysis requires ______ to start the process.

During the Energy Liberation Phase of glycolysis, the net production of ______ occurs.

The Cleavage Phase of glycolysis involves the conversion of one molecule of glucose into two molecules of ______.

NADH production is a key outcome of the Energy Investment Phase in glycolysis. NADH is a high-energy molecule that carries ______ to the electron transport chain.

Substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from a ______ molecule.

During glycolysis, the breakdown of simple subunits into Acetyl CoA, ATP, and NADH occurs in the ______.

In glycolysis, the Energy Investment Phase precedes the ______ Phase.

The net result of glycolysis is the conversion of one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, along with the production of ______ and NADH.

During the Energy Investment Phase of glycolysis, __________ is required to start the process

The Energy Liberation Phase of glycolysis results in the net production of _________

The Cleavage Phase of glycolysis involves the conversion of one molecule of glucose into two molecules of _________

NADH production in glycolysis occurs primarily during the _________ Phase

Substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from a _________ molecule

During glycolysis, the Energy Investment Phase precedes the _________ Phase

_________ involves the direct formation of ATP from ADP and Pi

In glycolysis, the Cleavage Phase is where ATP is generated from ADP and Pi through _________

NADH is a high-energy molecule that carries electrons to the _________ transport chain

The net result of glycolysis includes the production of ATP and _________

Which stage involves the breakdown of simple subunits into Acetyl CoA, ATP, and NADH in the cytosol?

What is the primary function of anabolism?

During which stage of metabolism does controlled oxidation primarily occur?

What is the end product of lactic acid fermentation?

Which type of phosphorylation involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from a substrate molecule?

What does catabolism primarily involve?

Which process results in the production of more energy (ATP) per glucose molecule: Lactic acid fermentation or Alcohol fermentation?

What is the net outcome of glycolysis in terms of ATP produced?

Where do the 3 stages of food molecule breakdown take place?

Can all energy come from sugar alone?

What are the precursors to ATP and NADH?

Is NADH a reduced or oxidized molecule?

What is the process of converting non-sugar precursors into glucose known as?

Where does glycolysis take place?

How many phases are there in glycolysis?

What is the end product of glycolysis?

In the absence of oxygen in cells unable to perform fermentation, which product of glycolysis would accumulate in the cytosol?

Which step of glycolysis would be halted in mutated muscle cells unable to perform fermentation in anoxic conditions?

What is the end product of processing pyruvate anaerobically?

Which process occurs when a mutated muscle cell is unable to perform fermentation in anoxic conditions?

What is the primary difference between alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?

Which molecule is a common precursor for both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis?

What is the role of fermentation in the absence of oxygen for cells unable to perform it?

What is the process that allows for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate, regenerating NAD from NADH, in the absence of oxygen?

In the context of muscle atrophy in rats, why did researchers observe an increase in gluconeogenesis in the liver?

What is the significance of increased fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase activity in the liver of rats with hind-limb mobility restored?

Which metabolic process is most likely to be upregulated when there is insufficient oxygen available for aerobic respiration?

What happens to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen and without the ability to metabolize further?

Which of the following is a storage form of energy that can be metabolized for cellular purposes?

What results from the fermentation process converting pyruvate into ethanol?

Why is an increase in fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase activity crucial for gluconeogenesis during periods of high energy demand?

During which phase of glycolysis are 2 molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) produced?

What is the main purpose of the energy recovery/generation phase in glycolysis?

Which type of respiration pathway is known as anaerobic respiration?

In cellular metabolism, what is the primary function of catabolism?

Why do cells not directly burn sugar for energy?

What is the significance of stepwise oxidation in cellular respiration?

What is the main difference between catabolism and anabolism in cellular metabolism?