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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the earth's surface is covered by water?

  • 80%
  • 60%
  • 50%
  • 71% (correct)

What is the main source of energy used by humans today?

  • Hydropower
  • Fossil fuels (correct)
  • Renewable energy
  • Nuclear energy

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of climate?

  • Climate change (correct)
  • Humidity
  • Precipitation
  • Temperature

Which type of energy resource can be renewed through geological processes?

<p>Solar energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the world's freshwater is readily available for use?

<p>0.003% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral resource is NOT mentioned as being used in the hospitality industry?

<p>Gold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does climate play in the hospitality industry?

<p>It significantly affects tourism activities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of non-renewable energy resources?

<p>They are fixed in supply. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes biotic components of the environment?

<p>Living organisms that include plants and animals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the lithosphere in relation to the environment?

<p>It is the outermost solid land surface composed of minerals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the environment influence tourism activities?

<p>By providing scenic sites and favorable climates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the environment is concerned with the body of water on Earth’s surface?

<p>Hydrosphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for the survival of all living organisms, as mentioned in relation to tourism?

<p>Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an abiotic component of the environment?

<p>Animals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'biosphere' refer to?

<p>The part of Earth containing living organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to tourism history, what has contributed to the development of tourism?

<p>The environmental features and conditions of places (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the prevention approach in environmental management?

<p>To stop waste and emissions from occurring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following practices aligns with the corrective approach to environmental management?

<p>Afforestation to restore damaged ecosystems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the technical (hardware) environmental management focus on?

<p>Modifying or discarding environmentally degrading technology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically included in environmental management activities?

<p>Reduction of marketing expenses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle informs the prevention approach in environmental management?

<p>Reduce, reuse, and recycle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which measure is NOT associated with the organizational (software) environmental management approach?

<p>Modification of production processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of engaging in safe disposal of wastes in businesses?

<p>To minimize environmental impacts after they occur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benefit of implementing environmental policies in businesses?

<p>Enhanced regulatory compliance and cleaner operations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of biodiversity refers to the variety of genetic makeup among individuals within a single species?

<p>Genetic diversity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary business model of tourism as described?

<p>Renting out the environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which main objective is NOT associated with environmental management?

<p>To promote rapid urbanization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term environment encompass based on the content?

<p>Flora, fauna, landforms, and water bodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is part of ecological diversity?

<p>Forests and wetlands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does biodiversity contribute to tourism?

<p>By serving as tourist attractions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which relationship type reflects when tourism negatively impacts the environment?

<p>Conflict (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which relationship between tourism and the environment do both entities exist in isolation?

<p>Coexistence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a goal of environmental management?

<p>Promoting excessive natural resource extraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does tourism development generally affect the environment?

<p>Can negatively impact the environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental management activity focuses on conserving resources and minimizing waste?

<p>Systematic approach in tourism businesses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does species diversity refer to?

<p>Variety of species in different habitats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for tourism to maintain its product for future generations?

<p>Sustainable practices to keep resources safe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the environment is NOT mentioned as a tourist attraction?

<p>Economic structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of environmental management?

<p>Improving human life quality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of mass tourism on the environment according to the content?

<p>Leads to significant environmental changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Tourism and Environment Relationship

Tourism relies on environmental resources and interacts with them, and in turn, impacts them.

Conflict (Tourism & Environment)

Tourism negatively affects the environment, often seen in most tourist destinations.

Coexistence (Tourism & Environment)

Tourism and the environment exist separately, with little interaction. This is unstable and uncommon.

Symbiosis (Tourism & Environment)

Tourism and conservation work together, both benefitting from each other.

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Environmental Resource (Tourism)

Natural features like forests, water, or archaeological sites used for tourism.

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Tourism's Impact on Environment

Tourism development and activities can have both positive and negative consequences on the environment.

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Environment (Definition)

The total surroundings of people, including living things and landforms.

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Tourism as Resource Renting

Tourism involves using and managing the environment as a product or service.

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Biotic Components

Living things in the environment, like plants, animals, and microorganisms. Includes how they interact and influence each other.

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Abiotic Components

Non-living parts of the environment, like air, water, minerals, and soil.

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Atmosphere

The layer of gases surrounding the Earth, containing nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and more.

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Hydrosphere

All the water on Earth's surface, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and even rain.

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Lithosphere

The Earth's solid outer layer, composed of minerals, from mountain peaks to ocean trenches.

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Biosphere

The part of Earth where life exists, encompassing ecosystems like forests, oceans, and deserts.

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Tourism & Environment

The environment provides resources for tourism, while tourism can impact and shape the environment.

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Water Resource for Tourism

Water is essential for all living things and plays a crucial role in various tourism activities.

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Freshwater Availability

Only a tiny fraction (0.003%) of Earth's freshwater is readily available for use, despite water covering 71% of the Earth's surface.

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Hydrologic Cycle

The continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth, including processes like evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.

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Climate's Impact on Tourism

Climate significantly affects tourism, both positively (attracting tourists to specific climates) and negatively (adverse weather impacting tourist activities).

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Energy Resources: Non-renewable

Energy sources that are finite and cannot be replenished at a rate comparable to their consumption, such as oil, natural gas, coal, and uranium.

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Energy Resources: Renewable

Energy sources that can be replenished naturally on a human timescale, such as solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and hydrogen.

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Mineral Resources in Tourism

Minerals are essential for building and maintaining tourism infrastructure, such as hotels, transportation terminals, and fittings.

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Mineral Resources: Metallic

These are minerals that contain a metal, such as iron, aluminium, and copper, which are valuable for construction and industrial purposes.

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Mineral Resources: Non-metallic

These are minerals that do not contain a metal, like salt, sand, and rocks, which are crucial for building, manufacturing, and other purposes.

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Environmental Policy

A set of guidelines and rules that a tourism business follows to protect the environment.

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Employee & Customer Education

Teaching staff and visitors about environmental issues and how to be responsible tourists.

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Waste Recycling

Collecting and processing waste materials to reuse them or turn them into something new.

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Pollution Prevention

Taking steps to avoid contaminating the air or water.

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Energy & Water Conservation

Using less energy and water to reduce environmental impact.

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Prevention Approach

Focuses on stopping environmental damage before it happens by using resources efficiently.

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Corrective Approach

Deals with environmental damage that has already occurred by cleaning up pollution or restoring the environment.

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Technical Environmental Management

Improving equipment and processes to reduce negative environmental impacts.

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Biodiversity

The variety of life forms or species on Earth, including genetic diversity (within species), species diversity (different types of species), and ecological diversity (different ecosystems).

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Environmental Management

The practice of controlling human activities' impact on the natural environment to improve human quality of life. It involves managing natural resource use, pollution, and ecosystem balance.

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Objectives of Environmental Management

Goals which involve identifying and solving environmental problems, responsibly managing natural resources, restoring degraded areas, controlling pollution, and mitigating the impact of natural disasters.

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Tourism and Environmental Management

The application of environmental management practices by tourism and hospitality businesses. This includes saving water and energy, minimizing waste, reducing pollution, and protecting nature.

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What are the main types of biodiversity?

Genetic diversity (variation within a species), species diversity (different types of species), and ecological diversity (different ecosystems).

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Why is biodiversity important?

Biodiversity provides resources for industries, promotes tourism through attractions, and helps ecosystems thrive.

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What is the relationship between tourism and environmental management?

Tourism, especially in hospitality, can benefit from environmental management practices like resource conservation, waste reduction, and pollution control.

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What are practical ways tourism businesses can manage their environmental impact?

Tourism businesses can conserve water, energy, and materials, minimize waste, prevent pollution, and reduce negative impacts on natural and cultural environments.

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Study Notes

Concepts of Tourism and Hospitality Environmental Management

  • Tourism is the renting out of the environment.
  • It's imperative to keep the environment safe, unsullied, and fresh, not just for the next day but for every tomorrow. (Sir Colin Marshall)
  • The word "environment" originates from the French word "environner," meaning to encircle or surround.
  • The environment encompasses the total surroundings of humans, including flora, fauna, landforms, water bodies, etc. It sustains them.
  • The environment is comprised of life-support systems, described by the IUCN as biophysical processes that sustain productivity, adaptability, and the renewal of lands, waters, and the biosphere.
  • Tourism uses resources and interacts with the environment.
  • Environmental resources like forests, water bodies, and archaeological sites serve as attractions.
  • Resources like minerals, energy, water, and wood are used to create goods and services for tourists.
  • Tourism is influenced by the environmental situation of a destination.
  • Tourism development impacts the environment negatively.
  • A conflict between tourism and the environment occurs when tourism negatively affects the environment.
  • Coexistence occurs when both tourism and the environment exist independently with little interaction, a temporary situation.
  • Symbiosis exists where tourism and conservation support each other, benefiting mutually.
  • The environment supplies a suitable space for tourism development, which in turn creates resources for conservation.
  • The environment includes both living (biotic) and non-living(abiotic) components.

Biotic Components

  • Biotic components encompass all living things in the environment, like plants, animals, and micro-organisms.
  • These also include how living organisms interact and their mutual influences.

Abiotic Components

  • Abiotic factors include non-living elements.
  • The biosphere is part of the earth's crust and atmosphere. It's the ecosystem encompassing air, land, surface rocks, and water, supporting life.
  • The lithosphere comprises the earth's crust, a mineral-based surface layer extending from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench.
  • The atmosphere is a thin layer of gases encompassing the earth, containing nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ozone, water vapor, and particulate matter.
  • The hydrosphere consists of Earth's water bodies like oceans, seas, lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams. These cover approximately 71% of Earth's surface.

Environmental Resources for Tourism

  • Environmental factors contribute to the birth and progress of tourism through scenic locations, climate conditions, vegetation, and beaches.
  • Tourism activities depend on environmental conditions in a particular region.
  • These conditions can either support or hinder tourism development.
  • The environment is viewed as the base product of the travel industry.

Water Resources

  • Water is crucial for all living organisms, with humans and animals requiring substantial amounts as a component of their makeup.
  • Water covers about 71% of the Earth's surface, with only 3% being fresh water.
  • A small fraction of that (0.003%) is readily available for use.

Climatic Resources

  • Climate encapsulates average weather patterns for a given place, considering factors like temperature, wind, precipitation, humidity, and sunlight.
  • Climate favorably affects or hinders the hospitality industry.
  • Climate is a significant tourist attraction.

Energy Resources

  • Energy is the power to perform work and transfer heat, driving industrial processes.
  • Oil, natural gas, uranium and coal are examples of non-renewable energy resources, fixed in supply and eventually depletable.
  • Renewable energy resources, like solar, wind, flowing water (hydro), biomass, and hydrogen, can be replenished.
  • Currently, fossil fuels account for 84% of global energy consumption.

Mineral Resources

  • Mineral resources are naturally occurring solids or liquids extracted for use.
  • These resources are crucial for the hospitality industry, used in facilities and utilities.

Biodiversity

  • Biodiversity, or biological diversity, encompasses the variety of life forms that thrive under various environmental conditions. It includes genetic, species, and ecological diversity.
  • The variety of genetic makeup among individuals of the same species, is known as genetic diversity.
  • Species diversity is the variation in species inhabiting various habitats.
  • Ecological diversity refers to the variety of ecological systems, such as forests, wetlands, deserts, lagoons, and lakes.
  • Biodiversity offers essential materials and promotes tourism as attractions.

Environmental Management

  • Environmental management (EM) involves managing the interaction between human activities and the natural environment.
  • The goal of EM is to improve human quality of life.
  • EM is a structured method for sustainable natural resource use.
  • It seeks judicious exploitation without disrupting ecological balance.
  • EM is vital for preserving natural resources.
  • EM for tourism includes policies, education, recycling, waste management, energy conservation, water conservation, healthy environments, and compliance with regulations.

Approaches to Environmental Management

  • Prevention approaches focus on reducing waste and emissions. They prioritize resource efficiency and conservation, frequently leveraging the 3R principles (reduce, reuse, recycle).
  • Corrective approaches aim to minimize damages to the environment caused by waste, pollution and other issues, through measures such as safe waste disposal and afforestation.

Types of Environmental Management

  • Technical management directly reduces environmental impact through product/service modifications, or technology changes.
  • Organizational management indirectly reduces impacts through environmental policy, education, planning, and procedures.

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