03 - Uyghurs for Sale
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI)?

  • To conduct social research for public awareness
  • To provide fresh ideas on Australia’s defence, security, and strategic policy choices (correct)
  • To manage cybersecurity incidents for the government
  • To promote international trade agreements

Who among the following is not credited as an author of the policy brief?

  • Danielle Cave
  • Dr James Leibold
  • Kelsey Munro
  • Sarah O’Connor (correct)

Which organization funded ASPI's report with £10,000?

  • The Australian Government
  • The UK Home Office
  • The UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (correct)
  • The International Cyber Policy Centre

What does ASPI’s International Cyber Policy Centre (ICPC) focus on?

<p>Global debates on cyber and emerging technologies and their strategic impact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) formed?

<p>2001 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of workshops does the capacity building team of ICPC conduct?

<p>Workshops for public and private sectors in Australia and overseas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which author is identified as a Researcher working with the International Cyber Policy Centre?

<p>Nathan Ruser (B), Vicky Xiuzhong Xu (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the goals of ASPI regarding public debate?

<p>To support sound public policy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the political indoctrination program mentioned in the agreement?

<p>To ensure 100% employment rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following brands is NOT associated with Shandong Ruyi Technology Group Co.Ltd?

<p>Zara (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many Uyghur workers had Ruyi reportedly employed by November 2019?

<p>2,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Shandong Ruyi Technology Group Co.Ltd begin its involvement in Xinjiang?

<p>2010 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the factories owned by Ruyi in Xinjiang?

<p>There are more than five factories across different counties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does cheap labor from 're-education camps' play in Xinjiang's economy?

<p>It has been identified as a major driver of the economy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Xinjiang government ensure that Uyghurs complete vocational training with guaranteed employment?

<p>By organizing labor transfers prior to training. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Xinjiang's labor transfers to other provinces is indicated to be between 10% to 50%?

<p>The transfers from Xinjiang to other provinces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which company claims to supply global brands such as Fila and Adidas?

<p>Hao Yuanpeng Clothing Co.Ltd (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the data from Chinese state media indicate about Uyghur labor transfers between 2017 and 2019?

<p>There were over 80,000 Uyghur workers transferred in that period. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What representation is indicated in the visual data regarding Uyghur transfers to other parts of China?

<p>Dotted lines signify known transfers to factories. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the pipeline of Uyghur workers from vocational training to factory work?

<p>To ensure a high employment rate for trained individuals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'political indoctrination' in the context of Uyghur labor refers to what?

<p>Implementing state ideologies during training. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the violent clashes between Han and Uyghur workers in 2009?

<p>A decrease in the use of Uyghur labor in factories. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of the 'industrial Xinjiang Aid' policy?

<p>To assign work to 'idle' Uyghurs in the name of poverty alleviation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What methods did the Chinese government employ to encourage provinces to participate in 'Xinjiang Aid'?

<p>Providing subsidies and political inducements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one outcome of the 'Xinjiang Aid' initiative?

<p>The establishment of nearly a million local jobs in Xinjiang. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are Uyghur workers expected to show gratitude under the 'industrial Xinjiang Aid' policy?

<p>By expressing allegiance to the Communist Party. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many enterprises had been set up in Xinjiang under the 'Xinjiang Aid' program according to recent reports?

<p>Approximately 4,400 enterprises. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of the working conditions for Uyghur workers mentioned in the content?

<p>They involved long hours and poor conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Xinjiang Aid focuses specifically on employment through local job opportunities?

<p>Industrial Xinjiang Aid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of products does Hubei Yihong produce?

<p>Precision electronics components (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which company claimed to have no record of using Hubei Yihong as a direct supplier?

<p>General Electric (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What statement did Hubei Yihong make regarding the treatment of their Uyghur employees?

<p>They received equal pay and were treated with respect. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did Hubei Yihong take following the publication of allegations against them?

<p>They took down their company webpage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following companies is not mentioned as a customer of Hubei Yihong?

<p>Dell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the spokesperson from Hubei Yihong state regarding their employment practices?

<p>They ceased employment of Uyghur workers in July 2020. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which major electronics company does not appear in the list of Hubei Yihong's customers?

<p>LG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is not correct concerning Hubei Yihong's suppliers?

<p>Haier confirmed their inclusion in the supplier database. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What company did BYD provide evidence for in relation to not using forced labour?

<p>Dongguan Yidong (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following brands is reported to have a customer relationship with Haoyuanpeng Garment Group?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evidence suggests that the Jiashi County Secondary Vocational School has operated as a 're-education camp'?

<p>Satellite imagery and official documents analysis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many workers from Xinjiang were transferred to Haoyuanpeng Garment Group in February 2018?

<p>63 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of products does Ningbo Aoboer Electric Appliance Co. Ltd manufacture?

<p>Electric appliances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the status of Adidas's relationship with Haoyuanpeng Garment Group?

<p>Adidas has no direct relationship and is investigating the use of its brand. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about Nike's relationship with Haoyuanpeng?

<p>Nike denied any relationship with Haoyuanpeng. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these locations is linked to the transfer of workers to Haoyuanpeng Garment Group?

<p>Anhui Province (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Uyghur Situation

A human rights crisis in Xinjiang, China, involving alleged 're-education' camps, forced labor, and surveillance.

'Re-education' Camps

Facilities in China, alleged to hold Uyghurs, potentially for political indoctrination and/or labor purposes.

Forced Labor

Compulsory work done without consent or fair compensation, often used against a group or people in a certain region or country.

Surveillance in Xinjiang

Extensive monitoring and observation of Uyghurs in Xinjiang, often through advanced technologies.

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ASPI

Australian Strategic Policy Institute, a non-partisan think tank focusing on security and policy.

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Policy Brief

A concise summary of research, recommendations, or analysis on particular social or political concepts.

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International Cyber Policy Centre (ICPC)

ASPI division focusing on global cyber issues and their strategic impacts.

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Researcher

Someone who conducts study on a given topic.

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Uyghur labor exploitation

Before 2017, Uyghur workers faced poor working conditions, long hours, and discriminatory treatment in factories in China.

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2009 Urumqi riot

A violent clash between Han and Uyghur workers in a Guangdong factory, leading to a deadly riot in Xinjiang.

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Xinjiang Aid

A Chinese government initiative, from 2010, to aid Xinjiang's development with financial and political incentives from other provinces.

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Industrial Xinjiang Aid

A policy encouraging job creation for Uyghurs, potentially through satellite factories or transferring labor to other areas.

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Satellite Factories

Factories opened within Xinjiang (as part of 'Xinjiang Aid') to absorb the labor force.

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Labor transfer schemes

Programs for sending Uyghur workers to factories in other Chinese provinces.

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Re-education camps (implied)

The forced relocation and indoctrination of Uyghurs in Xinjiang, aimed at altering their beliefs and behavior.

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Sinicization

A process intended to assimilate Uyghur's culture into China's own.

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Hubei Yihong

A Chinese company producing precision electronics parts.

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Forced Labor Denial

Hubei Yihong's claim of not using forced labor.

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End Customers

Major global companies using Hubei Yihong's products.

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July 2020

The month when Uyghur employees' employment with Hubei Yihong ceased.

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Precision Electronics Parts

Detailed parts for electronics, such as backlights and battery covers.

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General Electric Supplier Denial

General Electric confirms not using Hubei Yihong as a direct supplier.

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Company Website Removal

Hubei Yihong's website was taken down.

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Haier Supplier Database

Haier confirmed Hubei Yihong wasn't on their supplier list.

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Uyghur Labour Transfers

A program where thousands of Uyghur workers were moved from Xinjiang to factories across China between 2017 and 2019.

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Xinjiang Labour

Workers from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, frequently associated with forced or involuntary transfers to other regions of China for work.

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Forced Labor

The practice of compelling workers to perform labor under duress and often without fair compensation or freedom of choice.

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Vocational Training/Political Indoctrination

Xinjiang program where Uyghur workers were supposedly trained, but it also served as an opportunity for political indoctrination.

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100% Employment Rate

A goal purportedly achieved by arranging jobs in advance for those completing Xinjiang's vocational training/political indoctrination programs.

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Xinjiang Development & Reform Commission

An official Xinjiang government body that in 2018, acknowledged the significance of cheap labor.

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Labor Transfer Program

A large scale organized movement of Uyghur workers from Xinjiang to other areas of China, part of the larger human rights issues.

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County-to-Factory Transfers

Direct transfers of workers from counties within Xinjiang to factories in other regions of China.

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Xinjiang Aid

A Chinese initiative from 2010 to boost Xinjiang's development with financial and political incentives from other provinces.

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Labor transfer schemes (Xinjiang)

Programs moving Uyghur workers to factories in other Chinese provinces.

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Uyghur employment in Xinjiang

In 2019, companies like Shandong Ruyi employed thousands of Uyghurs in Xinjiang factories.

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'100% Employment Rate'

A goal likely to be achieved by moving Uyghur workers to factories through schemes such as the Xinjiang Aid policy, potentially incorporating employment into re-education programs.

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Shandong Ruyi Technology Group

A Chinese luxury clothing company with factories in Xinjiang, reportedly employing thousands of Uyghur workers.

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Forced Labor Transfer

Transferring workers from Xinjiang to factories in other parts of China, potentially against their will.

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Xinjiang Factories

Factories in Xinjiang, China, where workers, often Uyghurs, were employed.

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Haoyuanpeng Garment Group

A Chinese garment company connected to factories in Xinjiang and eastern China.

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International Brands

Companies like Adidas, Fila, Nike, and Puma that are linked to some of the factories in other parts of China.

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Jiashi County Secondary Vocational School

A school in Jiashi County, Xinjiang, claimed to be a 're-education' center.

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Ningbo Aoboer Electric Appliance Co.Ltd

A Chinese electrical appliance company with workers possibly from Xinjiang.

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Labor Transfer Schemes in China

Programs of moving workers from one area of China to another for work.

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Satellite Imagery Analysis

The use of satellite images to understand the operations and condition of businesses or regions.

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Study Notes

Uyghurs for Sale: 'Re-education', Forced Labour, and Surveillance Beyond Xinjiang

  • Forced labor: Uyghur workers are being forced to work in factories, notably in Xinjiang, China. This is evident in supply chains for global brands and there are at least 82 implicated companies.
  • Transfer program: A state-sponsored labor transfer scheme, "Xinjiang Aid," facilitated the relocation of over 80,000 Uyghurs from Xinjiang to factories throughout China between 2017 and 2019.
  • Re-education camps: Uyghur workers are often transferred directly from the re-education camps in Xinjiang, which function as a tool for political indoctrination, and cultural oppression.
  • Surveillance: Uyghur workers are frequently subjected to constant surveillance, both at the factories and through monitoring of family members. This also includes restrictions on religious practices.
  • Case studies: Demonstrating the extent of forced labor, case studies are presented, featuring factories linked to Nike, Adidas, Fila, and Apple. Illustrations and visual evidence demonstrate factory conditions and policies.

Case Study 1: Uyghur Workers Making Nike Sneakers in Qingdao

  • Factory: Qingdao Taekwang Shoes Co. Ltd., linked to Nike.
  • Location: Laixi City, Shandong province.
  • Forced labor indicators: Workers live in segregated dormitories, are prohibited from leaving the factory for extended periods or for holidays. The presence of high-tech surveillance and police guard posts is also shown to be a feature of the factory.
  • Political indoctrination: Uyghur workers attend night school, which is similar in structure and content to Xinjiang's political re-education camps.
  • Forced labor: Transfers of Uyghur workers organized by the Xinjiang provincial government occur in a manner suggesting forced labor.

Case Study 2: From 'Re-education Camps' to Forced Labor Assignments

  • Company: Hao Yuanpeng Clothing Manufacturing Co. Ltd (HYP)
  • Labor transfers: Factory initially established in Xinjiang in 2018 and employed workers transferred directly from re-education camps.
  • Case study details: Satellite imagery shows that the factory was constructed on the site of a Jiashi Vocational School which had been operating as a re-education camp since 2017.
  • Security: The facility has significant security measures, characteristic of surveillance and restriction on freedom.

Case Study 3: 'Re-educating' Uyghur Workers in Apple's Supply Chain

  • Company: O-Film Technology Co. Ltd.
  • Details: Apple's CEO Tim Cook visited an O-Film factory in 2017, showcasing the connection between a multinational company and forced labor, as Uyghur workers who were transferred to O-Film's facilities in China.
  • Forced indoctrination: The conditions and behaviors indicate that Uyghur workers at the O-Film facility are subject to political indoctrination and surveillance.

Xinjiang's Labor Transfer Program

  • Details: Chinese government organized transfers of Uyghur workers outside of Xinjiang. The transfers occurred in significant numbers from 2017–2019.
  • Geolocation: The transfers took Uyghurs to factories in different provinces, shown as an illustrative network map.
  • Scale: Reports and data suggest that transfers were substantial, exceeding intended targets. Public information and data from Chinese media sources reveal both internal transfer within Xinjiang and those to other Chinese provinces.
  • Financial incentives: An illustration of the financial incentives for factory managers and the government demonstrates the substantial financial considerations to motivate engagement in the scheme and motivate transfers to take place.
  • Coercion: The situation of workers outside of Xinjiang and the intimidation of family members in Xinjiang reinforce coerced labor. These elements highlight severe human rights abuses.

Implications for the Global Supply Chain

  • Broader Impact: Evidence underscores significant ramifications for companies operating in China, especially with supply chains and potential legal violations.
  • 54 Implicated companies: Implication includes another 54 companies involved in labor schemes within Xinjiang. The table shows international brands potentially directly linked through implicated factories identified by location, business sectors, and details regarding labor transfers.
  • Exposure Levels: Companies' levels of involvement in labor schemes vary. Some are directly linked through factories, while others are indirectly connected by supply chains.

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