Untitled Quiz

<p>Gram-positive bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibiting cell wall formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of antibiotic-resistant strains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resistance in microorganisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many types of microorganisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lack bacterial cell walls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of drug-resistant tuberculosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substitute an analog for a nucleoside in viral DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preventing protease from functioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myocardial infarction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influenza (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>120/80 mmHg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium channel blockers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses do not have cell walls. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retrovirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normalize heart rhythm and increase blood supply (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influenza vaccines are effective against common strains of flu viruses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is typically considered high blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the reproduction of retroviruses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By inducing host cell RNA synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protease inhibitor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing the excretion of water by the kidneys (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immune response becomes less effective. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depressant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viral infections, particularly influenza (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases dopamine re-uptake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caffeine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe mental problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hallucinogenic drugs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethanol and barbiturates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LSD (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nicotine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify drug candidates for treating diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enhance creativity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generic versions can be produced and sold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They send pain messages to the brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effective but can cause stupor or general anaesthesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rational drug design (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive bleeding and stomach pains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are primarily used for severe pain relief (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heroin induces addiction more quickly than codeine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Codeine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Screening thousands of compounds for biological activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can increase the risk of excessive bleeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chemical substances that alter the functioning of living things.

The process of discovering, testing, and approving new drugs for medical use.

Finding a biological molecule involved in a disease and then designing molecules to interact with it.

Using robots to screen thousands of compounds for potential drug activity.

Testing drug candidates in humans to assess efficacy and safety.

An inert substance used as a control in drug trials to compare against the actual drug.

Exclusive rights granted to a company to manufacture and sell a drug for a specific period.

Chemically equivalent copies of patented drugs produced after the patent expires.

An analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory drug derived from willow bark.

Drugs that relieve pain and reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin production.

Hormone-like lipids involved in transmitting pain signals to the brain.

Prescription drugs that produce strong pain relief but can be addictive.

A natural opioid derived from opium, used for severe pain relief but highly addictive.

A morphine derivative less potent and addictive than morphine.

A highly addictive drug derived from morphine, inducing a quick and intense high but causing severe withdrawal symptoms.

Medicines that fight bacterial infections, helping to control diseases that were once major death causes.

One of the first antibacterial drugs, widely used during WWII to prevent infections in wounds.

Substances derived from molds and fungi that kill other microbes. Penicillin is a famous example.

Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered penicillin in 1928, but its medical use started in 1941.

Penicillin inhibits bacterial enzymes involved in building their cell walls, causing them to weaken and rupture.

Penicillin includes different compounds with varying effectiveness against different types of bacteria.

A serious problem where bacteria evolve, becoming resistant to antibiotics.

Resistant bacteria can share their genes, spreading antibiotic resistance to other bacteria.

An infectious disease that had been controlled but is now a threat due to drug-resistant strains.

Antibiotic resistance is a significant threat to global health, potentially leading to untreatable infections.

The ability of a microbe (like bacteria or virus) to survive and multiply despite the presence of a drug that is designed to kill or inhibit it.

Viruses are much smaller than bacteria and require a host cell to reproduce. Bacteria are single-celled organisms that can reproduce independently.

Antibiotics specifically target bacterial processes. Viruses have different mechanisms for replication and don't have the same targets that antibiotics attack.

A virus that uses DNA as its genetic material. It enters a host cell and hijacks the cell's machinery to replicate its own DNA and produce viral proteins.

A virus that uses RNA as its genetic material. It enters a host cell and forces the cell to produce viral proteins using its own RNA.

A type of RNA virus that has the unique ability to create DNA from its RNA using an enzyme called reverse transcriptase.

A drug that specifically targets and inhibits the replication of viruses, but does not cure viral infections.

A drug that resembles the building blocks of DNA or RNA. It interferes with the virus's ability to create its own DNA or RNA.

A drug that blocks the activity of viral enzymes called proteases, which are essential for the virus to assemble new viral particles.

A category of antiretroviral drugs that target the enzyme reverse transcriptase, preventing the conversion of viral RNA into DNA.

Antiretroviral drugs that bind to reverse transcriptase and stop it from working properly.

The buildup of fatty deposits, or plaques, in the lining of arteries, leading to narrowing and hardening of the arteries.

Occurs when a coronary artery becomes blocked, depriving a portion of the heart muscle of oxygen and causing damage.

A condition where the pressure of blood against the walls of arteries is consistently too high.

Medications designed to manage conditions like coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, hypertension, and congestive heart failure.

Drugs that lower blood pressure by causing the kidneys to excrete more water, reducing blood volume.

Drugs that lower blood pressure by slowing the heart rate and reducing the force of each heartbeat.

Powerful vasodilators that relax muscles around blood vessels, widening them and lowering blood pressure.

Drugs that inhibit the action of an enzyme that causes blood vessels to contract, thus lowering blood pressure.

A drug that affects the human mind, changing mood, perception, and behavior.

A drug that speeds up the central nervous system, increasing alertness, energy, and mood.

A drug that slows down the central nervous system, reducing anxiety, alertness, and physical activity.

A drug that alters sensory perception, creating hallucinations and changes in consciousness.

When the combined effect of two or more drugs is greater than the sum of their individual effects.

A powerful hallucinogen discovered accidentally by Albert Hofmann in 1943.