cocks and dicks

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic feature of the false capsule of the prostate?

Its function is to regulate blood flow

Formed by the urethral crest

Lies within the true capsule

Anteriorly continuous with the puboprostatic ligaments (correct)

Which structure is located on the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra?

Prostatic utricle

Colliculus seminalis (correct)

Ejaculatory duct

Prostatic sinus

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BHP)?

Increased libido (correct)

Urgency

Frequency

Hesitancy

What anatomical feature opens in the center of the prostatic urethra?

Prostatic utricle (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical condition is associated with the metastatic spread of prostate cancer?

Spread to lymph nodes and bones (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is classified as an accessory gland in the male reproductive system?

Seminal vesicles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

Regulates temperature of testes (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the penis is responsible for the passage of both urine and semen?

Urethra (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the abnormal positioning of the urethral opening on the penis?

Hypospadias (A) Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the male gonad, which is homologous to the female ovary?

Testis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is part of the male reproductive duct system and transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct?

Vas deferens (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the upper pole of the testis?

It attaches to the spermatic cord. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the bulbourethral glands in the male reproductive system?

Provides lubrication during ejaculation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which segment of vertebrae is primarily associated with the development of the testes?

T10 to T12 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions involves the swelling of the scrotum due to fluid accumulation?

Hydrocele (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve fibers are involved in the sympathetic supply to the testis?

Pre ganglionic fibers T10 & T11 (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which month of intrauterine life does the descent of the testis begin?

2nd month (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the arterial supply to the vas deferens primarily derived from?

Superior vesical artery (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the epididymis in relation to the testis?

Lateral part of the posterior border (B) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by the presence of undescended testes?

Cryptorchidism (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pampiniform plexus?

To facilitate venous drainage from the testes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is NOT characteristic of the posterior lobe of the prostate?

It is a common site for adenoma development. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature allows for easy palpation of the prostate during a digital examination?

The posterior surface is close to the rectum. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the seminal vesicles?

They secrete fluid that forms a significant part of seminal fluid. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe of the prostate contains glandular tissue and is a common site for adenoma?

Median lobe (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure does the duct of the seminal vesicle join to form the ejaculatory duct?

Ductus deferens (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of vesiculase in seminal fluid?

To coagulate the semen. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which significant structural feature is associated with the true capsule of the prostate?

It is formed by the condensation of peripheral gland parts. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure surrounds the bulbo-urethral glands?

Sphincter urethrae muscles (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Male Reproductive System Overview

The male reproductive system encompasses primary and accessory reproductive organs
Key organs include the scrotum, testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands
Spermatogenesis, factors affecting spermatogenesis, and cryptorchidism are central topics.

Divisions of Male Genital Organs

External Genital Organs:
Penis: Provides passage for urine and semen.
Scrotum: Contains testes and epididymis.
Internal Genital Organs:
Testis: Male gonad, homologous to female ovaries.
Epididymis: Stores and matures sperm.
Vas Deferens: Transports sperm.
Accessory Glands:
Seminal Vesicles: Contribute to seminal fluid.
Prostate Gland: Produces a component of seminal fluid.
Bulbourethral Glands: Produce pre-ejaculate.

Male Reproductive System - Components

Testis: Gonad
Epididymis: Duct
Vas Deferens: Duct
Ejaculatory Duct: Duct
Urethra: Duct
Seminal Vesicles: Accessory Gland
Prostate: Accessory Gland
Bulbourethral Gland: Accessory Gland
Scrotum: External Genitalia
Penis: External Genitalia

Medial Section of Male Pelvis

Structures include ureters, peritoneum, urinary bladder, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, prostate, corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum, urethra, glans penis, navicular fossa, urethral opening (meatus), bulb of penis, epididymis, testis, scrotum, rectum, and anus.

Male Copulatory Organ - The Penis

Function: Passageway for both urine and semen.
Parts:
Root/Radix (attached portion)
Body/Corpus (free portion)
Glans (tip)

Root of Penis

Ischiocavernosus muscle covers the crus and beginning of corpus cavernosum
Bulbospongiosus muscle covers the bulb of the penis

Body of Penis

Contains two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum.
Corpora cavernosa expand and fill with blood during erection.
Corpus spongiosum surrounds the urethra.
The crus and bulb are part of the root of penis.

Blood Supply of Penis

Cavernous artery (deep artery of penis) supplies the corpora cavernosa
Dorsal artery supplies blood to the dorsal surface of the penis
Circumflex artery supplies outer regions
Bulbourethral artery supplies the corpus spongiosum
Veins drain blood from the penis: deep dorsal vein, superficial dorsal vein, and crural veins (crural arteries and vein support erection)

Nerve Supply of Penis

Pudendal nerve
Dorsal nerve of penis
Deep perineal nerve
Superficial perineal nerve
Posterior scrotal nerves
Sacral spinal nerves

Clinical Anatomy - Hypospadias/Epispadias

Hypospadias: Urethral opening is on the underside of the penis.
Epispadias: Urethral opening is on the top surface of the penis.
These are congenital conditions.

Phimosis & Paraphimosis

Phimosis: Foreskin cannot be retracted.
Paraphimosis: Foreskin becomes trapped behind the glans penis. These are conditions where a tight foreskin prevents it from being drawn back over the gland.

Scrotum

Contains testes, epididymis, and lower parts of spermatic cords
Layers: skin, dartos muscle, external spermatic fascia, cremasteric muscle, and fascia, internal spermatic fascia
Blood supply includes common iliac artery, external iliac artery, internal iliac artery, external pudendal artery, dorsal artery, deep artery, posterior scrotal artery, and anterior scrotal artery.
Nerve supply from ilioinguinal nerve, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve, and posterior scrotal branches of perineal nerve.

Testes

Male gonads, homologous to ovaries
Suspended in scrotum by spermatic cord
Upper pole tilted forward and laterally
Location: within the scrotum
External features: poles (upper and lower), borders (anterior and posterior), surfaces (medial and lateral)

Coverings of Testes

Tunica vaginalis (parietal and visceral layers)
Tunica albuginea (capsule)

Structure of Testes

Lobules containing seminiferous tubules
Tubuli recti, rete testis, vasa efferentia
Head, body, and tail of the epididymis

Blood Supply of Testes

Testicular artery
Pampiniform plexus

Nerve Supply of Testes

Sympathetic: Pre-ganglionic fibres (T10 & T11), Post-ganglionic fibres (renal & aortic plexuses)
Sensory & vasomotor nerves
Pain referred to umbilicus

External Features of Epididymis

Head, body, and tail

Descent of Testes

Develops in relation to segments T10 to T12
Descend into scrotum in the 2nd month of intrauterine life
Stages: reaches iliac fossa, deep inguinal ring, traverses inguinal canal, superficial inguinal ring. Reaches bottom of the scrotum in the 9th month

Cryptorchidism/Undescended Testes

Undescendent testes remain in the abdominal cavity instead of descending into the scrotum
Ectopic testes are located outside the normal scrotum location

Varicocele

Varicose veins in the spermatic cord.

Tumors of Testes

Types/distribution (statistics are provided)

Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferens)

Location within the male reproductive system
Transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
Arterial supply: branch of superior vesical artery
Venous drainage: Pampiniform plexus
Nerve supply: testicular plexus

Vasectomy

Surgical procedure to prevent pregnancy

Ejaculatory Duct

Formed by the union of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicle duct
Empties into the prostatic urethra.

Seminal Vesicles

Paired lobulated sacs between the bladder and rectum
Secrete a component of seminal fluid; contains vesiculase (coagulating enzyme)

Bulbo-Urethral Glands

Located in the deep perineal pouch on either side of the membranous urethra
Secrete pre-ejaculate.

Prostate

Accessory gland, located in the lesser pelvis
Contains fibromuscular stroma with embedded glandular elements
Shape: inverted cone
Gross features: apex, base, anterior surface, posterior surface, inferolateral surface.
Lobes: Anterior, Posterior, Median/middle/prespermatic lobe.

Capsules of Prostate

True capsule (formed by condensation of peripheral part of the gland, fibromuscular)
False capsule (lies outside true capsule, Anteriorly continuous with puboprostatic ligaments, Posteriorly forms by rectovesical fascia of Denonvillier's)
Contains no venous plexus

Structures within Prostate

Prostatic urethra
Prostatic utricle
Ejaculatory duct
Urethral crest
Colliculus seminalis
Prostatic sinus
Opening of prostatic ducts

Blood Supply & Venous Drainage of Prostate

Inferior vesical arteries
Superior (central) prostatic pedicle
Inferior (capsular) prostatic pedicle
Middle rectal artery
Apical prostatic-rectal anastomoses
Venous drainage: venous plexus

Nerve Supply of Prostate

Inferior mesenteric plexus
Hypogastric nerve
Pelvic plexus (inferior hypogastric plexus)
Pelvic nerves (parasympathetic)

Age Changes of Prostate

Prostate gradually increases in size from adolescence to older adulthood
Typical size at different ages (walnut, golf ball, lemon, cricket ball)
Symptoms associated with age-related prostate enlargement: urinary frequency, urgency, hesitancy

Clinical Anatomy of Prostate

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Enlargement of prostate causing urinary problems
Prostate cancer: presence/detection/metastatic spread

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.