Spread of Jainism and Gautam Buddha
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Questions and Answers

What was one significant contribution of Jainas to the cultural landscape of India?

  • Development of elaborate sculptures
  • Image worship
  • Establishment of Buddhist councils
  • Growth of the Kannada language (correct)

    • Gautam Buddha believed that desires were the reason behind sorrow.

    True

    What vow did women enrolling in the Sangha have to take?

    continence, poverty, and faith

    The First Buddhist Council was held at __________ in the 3rd century BCE.

    <p>Patliputra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Buddhist concepts to their descriptions:

    <p>Right Thought = Understanding reality and having the right intention Right Speech = Speaking truthfully and constructively Right Action = Acting in a way that does not harm others Right Livelihood = Earning a living in a way that does not cause harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following phrases best describes the 'Middle Path' philosophy taught by Gautam Buddha?

    <p>Balance between luxury and austerity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Women were not allowed to enroll in the Sangha established by Buddha.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age did Gautam Buddha attain enlightenment?

    <p>35</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Buddhism teach regarding wealth accumulation?

    <p>Wealth should not be accumulated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Women were not allowed to participate in Buddhist practices.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the three divisions of Buddhist teachings as outlined in the first council.

    <p>Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, Abhidhamma Pitaka</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first Buddhist council was held at ______ under the ruler Ajatshatru.

    <p>Rajgir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each type of Pitaka with its description:

    <p>Vinaya Pitaka = Rules and regulations of monks' conduct Sutta Pitaka = Main teachings of Buddha Abhidhamma Pitaka = Philosophical analysis Digha Nikaya = Long discourses of the Buddha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which king was instrumental in preaching and propagating Buddhism 200 years after the death of Buddha?

    <p>King Ashoka</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Buddhism promoted idol worship from its inception.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one reason for the decline of Buddhism by the 12th century.

    <p>Practice of idol worship or becoming corrupt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Council was held at Pataliputra under the ruler Ashoka?

    <p>Third Council</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mahayana Buddhism emphasizes strict adherence to the original teachings of Buddha.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Hinayana' literally mean?

    <p>lesser vehicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ is a sub-sect of Mahayana Buddhism known for its distinctive meditation practices.

    <p>Maha Sanghika</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Vajrayana = Tantric Buddhism Theravada = Most ancient branch of Buddhism Zammitiya = Sub-sect of Hinayana Mahayana = Great vehicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused the decline of Buddhism in the 12th century?

    <p>Corruption in Buddhist councils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ashoka played a significant role in spreading Buddhism to central-west Asia and Sri Lanka.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one restriction imposed on monks according to the code of conduct.

    <p>Cannot accept gold and silver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Spread of Jainism

    • After Mahavira's death, a famine in Magadha led to a split in Jainism under Bhadrabahu.
    • To escape the famine, Jain followers migrated to South India.
    • Jain literature includes sutras, puranas, novels, and dramas, contributing to the development of the Kannada language.
    • Jainism discourages idol worship.
    • Mahavira's immediate disciples were known as Gandhara.
    • They wrote Ang-Agama.
    • Ang-Bahya-Agama was compiled by Shruthakalin.
    • The first Jain Council took place in Patliputra in the 3rd century BCE, presided over by Sthulbhadra.
    • The second Jain Council took place in Vallabhi in 512 AD, presided over by Dwardi Kshmasramana.

    Gautam Buddha & Buddhism

    • Gautam Buddha was born in 563 BCE in Lumbini, Kapilavastu.
    • He belonged to the Shakya clan and his mother was from the Koshalan dynasty.
    • He renounced his life of luxury and comfort at the age of 29.
    • Buddha attained enlightenment at the age of 35 under a pipal tree.
    • He delivered his first sermon at Sarnath.
    • He passed away at the age of 80 in 483 BC in Kusinagar.
    • Buddha was known for his strong physique, which enabled him to travel long distances.

    Doctrines of Buddha

    • Buddha addressed the problem of suffering in the world, attributing it to desire.
    • To overcome suffering, he advocated for the discarding of desires.
    • He advocated for the Eightfold Path:
      • Right thought
      • Right speech
      • Right action
      • Right livelihood
      • Right effort
      • Right mindfulness
      • Right concentration
      • Right memory

    Women in Sangha

    • Women played a pivotal role in spreading Buddhism.
    • Women embraced the teachings of Buddha and used their skills to counter opponents with wisdom and composure.
    • They used the Pali language, which aided the spread of Buddhism.
    • They formed their own Sangha which welcomed all, with an emphasis on continence, poverty, and faith.
    • The three key elements of Buddhism are: Buddha, Sangha, and Dhamma.

    Gautam Buddha on Social Conduct

    • Buddha emphasized the middle path, avoiding both excess luxury and asceticism.
    • Key elements of his social conduct teachings are:
      • Non-violence
      • Truthfulness
      • Non-stealing
      • Avoiding corrupt practices
      • Avoiding intoxicants
    • He challenged the existing varna system.
    • His teachings resonated with those who belonged to marginalized sections of society.

    Decline of Buddhism

    • The Hun King Mibiurakula, a follower of Shiva, carried out violent acts against Buddhists, killing hundreds.
    • The Shaivite Shashanka destroyed the Bodhi tree in Bodhgaya.
    • Huan Tsan states that 1600 stupas and monasteries were destroyed and thousands of monks were killed.
    • The arrival of Turks and Pollars led to the looting of monasteries and the killing of Buddhists.

    Importance and Influence of Buddhism

    • Buddha promoted equality and discouraged wealth accumulation.
    • He emphasized that giving alms to monks would result in wealth in the next life.
    • His teachings were divided into three Pitakas:
      • Vinaya Pitaka: Rules and regulations for monks
      • Sutta Pitaka: Main teachings of Buddha (further divided into Digha Nikaya, Majjhima Nikaya, Samyutta Nikaya, Anguttara Nikaya, and Kuddaka Nikaya)
      • Abhidhamma Pitaka: Philosophical analysis
    • Buddhist literature includes Divyavadana, Dipovasma, Mahavasma and Milind panna.

    Spread of Buddhism

    • King Ashoka actively promoted and spread Buddhism.
    • Buddhism reached central-west Asia and Sri Lanka under Ashoka.
    • The decline of Buddhism began in the 12th century.
    • Reasons for its decline:
      • Early Buddhists adopted Sanskrit instead of Pali.
      • Idol worship became widespread.
      • The Buddhist council became corrupted.
      • Women were seen as objects of lust.

    Code of Conduct in Buddhism

    • Monks were expected to follow strict rules regarding food, sexual behavior, and clothing.
    • They were prohibited from accepting gold and silver, selling and purchasing goods.
    • Like Brahmanas, Buddhists relied on alms and gifts for their sustenance.
    • Both emphasized family obligations, property protection, and opposition to political corruption.
    • Buddhism welcomed women and shudras, unlike Brahmanism.

    Buddhist Council

    • First Council: Held at Rajgir under the ruler Ajatshatru. During this council, the teachings of Buddha were divided into three Pitakas.
    • Second Council: Held at Vaishali under the ruler Kalasoka
    • Third Council: Held at Pataliputra under the ruler Ashoka
    • Fourth Council: Held at Kashmir under the ruler Kanishka, with Asvagosa.

    Different Schools of Buddhism

    • Buddhism is divided into two main sects: Mahayana and Hinayana.
    • Mahayana: Means “great vehicle”. It emphasizes idol worship and Bodhisattvas.
    • Hinayana: Means "lesser vehicle". It focuses on the original teachings of Buddha.
    • Theravada: Is a Hinayana sect and the most ancient branch of Buddhism today.
    • Vajrayana: Means "vehicle of the thunderbolt", also known as “Tantric Buddhism.”

    School of Mahayana Buddhism

    • Meditation is a key feature of Mahayana Buddhism.
    • Maha Sanghika (Mahayana): Emerged during the second council. It has sub-sects including:
      • Loko Harvada
      • Kukkutika
      • Caitika
    • Zammitiya: A sub-sect of Hinayana.

    Titles of Buddha

    • Mahavira, Nayaputta, Muni, Samana, Bhagavan, Brahaman, and Sugata are titles used for Buddha.
    • Buddhism: Bragavat, Thagota, Sakyamuni, Sugata, Lokavidu, Araham, Jina are also titles used for Buddha.

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    Ancient History: Jainism & Buddhism PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating history of Jainism after Mahavira's death, including migrations and the significance of Jain literature. Learn about Gautam Buddha's early life, enlightenment, and the foundational aspects of Buddhism. This quiz delves into key events and figures from these two ancient traditions.

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