Sports Science Overview

• Tests and Measurements in Sport and Exercise Sciences will be discussed.

Orientation

• The course syllabus, Google Classroom, expectations and communications will be covered.

Areas of Sports Science

• This can be achieved through biomechanics, physiology, psychology and interdisciplinary approaches.
• It utilizes biological, physiological, anatomical, biomechanical, and psychological perspectives.
• The scope includes examining systems supporting movements and exploring human movement behavior.
• It is applicable in physical education, therapy, ergonomics, dance, coaching, and conditioning.
• Anatomical-physiological and motor foundations pertain to sports medicine and biomechanics.
• Social and behavioral foundations cover sport psychology, pedagogy, and sociology.
• Historical-philosophical foundations encompass sport history and philosophy.
• The components of sports science are: Sports Nutrition, Principles of Coaching, Methods of Training, Exercise Physiology, Biomechanics, Prevention and Management of Injuries, Sports Sociology, Tests and Measurement and Sport Psychology.

Potential Sports Science Jobs

• Sports marketing manager
• Sports facility manager
• Health and wellbeing coaches
• Strength and conditioning coach
• Professional sports coach
• PE teacher
• Sports development officer
• Sports or exercise science researcher

Sports scientists address concerns such as:

• Improving swimming performance
• Athletes running faster and jumping higher
• Improving athletic techniques and strategies
• Addressing growing public health concerns
• Solving health related problems

Lecture 01: Introduction to Tests and Measurements

• The nature and purpose of measurement and evaluation will be discussed.
• Reliability, validity, and domains of human performance will be discussed.

Nature of Measurement and Evaluation

• Measurement involves assessing and assigning a number to quantify characteristics.
• Tests are instruments used for making particular measurements; these can be written, oral, or use physiological, psychological, or mechanical devices like questionnaires, pedometers, or motion sensors.
• Evaluation involves judgement and statement of quality comparing a measured value to a criterion.
• Norm-referenced standards compare performance to others in a group (e.g., sex, age, class). -They are useful for comparisons needing selectivity.
• Criterion-referenced standards compare performance to a specific standard. -They set performance standards for all and are based on norm-referenced data and expert opinions.

Activity Examples

• Using a pedometer to measure steps and a heart rate monitor to estimate calorie burn are examples.
• Measuring the time it takes a swimmer to complete 100m freestyle is another.

JAMOVI Demonstration

• Name, age, sex, height and weight will be explored.

Formative vs. Summative Evaluation

• Formative evaluation is initial or intermediate, occurring throughout a process and providing feedback.
• Summative evaluation is final, judging achievement at the end of a unit, usually involving tests.
• With a body weight of 30% fat, a formative evaluation can help determine the loss of 10 pounds (4.5 kg) needed to achieve 25% body fat.
• After a 10-week program with feedback each week, a summative evaluation assesses if weight-loss goal was achieved.
• Formative evaluation divides learning into smaller units and provide feedback.
• The similarities and differences between formative and summative evaluation depends on purpose, time, emphasis in evaluation and standard.

Purpose of Tests and Measurements in Sports Science

• Placement groups participants by abilities.
• Diagnosis identifies weaknesses.
• Achievement measures objectives/progress.
• Prediction forecasts future success.
• Motivation encourages higher performance.

Reliability and Validity

• Reliability is the consistency of measurement.
• Validity is the truthfulness of measurement.
• Objectivity in assessments are free from bias, ensuring consistent results.

Domains in Human Performance

• Cognitive (knowledge, comprehension, analysis, synthesis, evaluation)
• Affective (receiving, responding, valuing, organizing, characterizing)
• Psychomotor (reflexive, fundamental, perceptual, physical, skilled movements)

Physical Activity, Exercise, & Fitness

• Physical activity includes any bodily movement using skeletal muscles resulting in energy expenditure.
• Exercise is planned, structured, leisure-related PA aimed at improving fitness.
• Fitness is having health- or skill-related attributes.

Summary

• Decisions in sports science rely on measurement and evaluation of athletes.
• Once specific objectives in testing are measured, evaluative decisions are made based on norm- or criterion-referenced standards.
• Evaluations are both formative and summative.