Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following factors is NOT associated with the effectiveness of massed practice?
Which of the following factors is NOT associated with the effectiveness of massed practice?
- Short attention span (correct)
- High motivation
- Good physical condition
- Basic skill acquisition
What is one advantage of self-controlled practice?
What is one advantage of self-controlled practice?
- Reduces motivation to practice
- Facilitates learning by allowing choice (correct)
- Limits practice to only basic skills
- Decreases learning opportunities
Which wearable technology is used to determine the ball's contact points in cricket?
Which wearable technology is used to determine the ball's contact points in cricket?
- REV Counter
- Snickometer
- Hawkeye
- Hot Spot (correct)
What type of feedback is provided immediately during training for performance adjustments?
What type of feedback is provided immediately during training for performance adjustments?
Fitness trackers are primarily used to monitor which of the following metrics?
Fitness trackers are primarily used to monitor which of the following metrics?
What is recommended for learners who have acquired basic movement patterns?
What is recommended for learners who have acquired basic movement patterns?
How does increasing contextual interference affect learning?
How does increasing contextual interference affect learning?
What type of practice should follow after learners gain proficiency?
What type of practice should follow after learners gain proficiency?
Which practice method combines the advantages of both blocked and random practice?
Which practice method combines the advantages of both blocked and random practice?
Distributed practice is particularly recommended for which type of skill?
Distributed practice is particularly recommended for which type of skill?
What is a key characteristic of hands-on instruction?
What is a key characteristic of hands-on instruction?
Which strategy is recommended when giving instructions to learners?
Which strategy is recommended when giving instructions to learners?
What aspect should be considered when planning a demonstration?
What aspect should be considered when planning a demonstration?
How should verbal cues be used during the learning process?
How should verbal cues be used during the learning process?
What is the focus of demonstrations intended to teach a new motor skill?
What is the focus of demonstrations intended to teach a new motor skill?
What type of feedback is derived from one's own sensory system?
What type of feedback is derived from one's own sensory system?
Which approach involves providing reinforcement, error correction, and encouragement sequentially?
Which approach involves providing reinforcement, error correction, and encouragement sequentially?
What is the primary purpose of knowledge of performance feedback?
What is the primary purpose of knowledge of performance feedback?
Which type of feedback frequency is most beneficial during the initial stages of learning?
Which type of feedback frequency is most beneficial during the initial stages of learning?
What is a potential downside of providing excessive augmented feedback?
What is a potential downside of providing excessive augmented feedback?
Which feedback method involves adjusting the feedback based on the learner's errors?
Which feedback method involves adjusting the feedback based on the learner's errors?
What is suggested as an effective strategy before giving augmented feedback?
What is suggested as an effective strategy before giving augmented feedback?
Which practice schedule is recommended for learners when first introduced to a new motor skill?
Which practice schedule is recommended for learners when first introduced to a new motor skill?
What is one primary function of sport watches designed for athletes?
What is one primary function of sport watches designed for athletes?
Which stage of motor learning is characterized by skill becoming automatic?
Which stage of motor learning is characterized by skill becoming automatic?
What advantage do wearable devices provide for athletes in terms of injury prevention?
What advantage do wearable devices provide for athletes in terms of injury prevention?
How do generalised motor programs help in skilled movement?
How do generalised motor programs help in skilled movement?
What type of feedback provides immediate insights to athletes for technique adjustments?
What type of feedback provides immediate insights to athletes for technique adjustments?
What is a key element of parameters in the context of motor control?
What is a key element of parameters in the context of motor control?
What innovation is likely to enhance data analysis in sports performance through wearable technology?
What innovation is likely to enhance data analysis in sports performance through wearable technology?
Which statement best describes the associative stage of motor learning?
Which statement best describes the associative stage of motor learning?
What does coordination involve according to the discussion?
What does coordination involve according to the discussion?
What is suggested as a major issue with traditional skill acquisition methods?
What is suggested as a major issue with traditional skill acquisition methods?
Which coaching method is highlighted as problematic in developed countries?
Which coaching method is highlighted as problematic in developed countries?
What approach is recommended to improve the dialogue in motor skill acquisition?
What approach is recommended to improve the dialogue in motor skill acquisition?
Which of the following is suggested to be a result of over-coaching?
Which of the following is suggested to be a result of over-coaching?
Flashcards
Hands-on Instruction
Hands-on Instruction
A teaching approach where the coach provides detailed verbal instructions, demonstrations, and feedback to guide the learner's skill development.
Hands-off Instruction
Hands-off Instruction
A teaching approach where the coach emphasizes movement exploration through manipulating key constraints, allowing learners to discover optimal movement solutions.
Giving Instructions
Giving Instructions
Instructions should be clear, concise, and use appropriate language tailored to the learner's age and understanding.
Verbal Cues
Verbal Cues
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Demonstration
Demonstration
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Data Collection in Wearables
Data Collection in Wearables
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Performance Analysis with Wearables
Performance Analysis with Wearables
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Real-Time Feedback in Wearables
Real-Time Feedback in Wearables
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Feedback types in Wearables
Feedback types in Wearables
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Personalized Training with Wearables
Personalized Training with Wearables
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Random Practice
Random Practice
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Blocked Practice
Blocked Practice
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Repeated-Blocked Practice
Repeated-Blocked Practice
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Contextual Interference
Contextual Interference
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Distributed Practice
Distributed Practice
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Feedback
Feedback
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Intrinsic Feedback
Intrinsic Feedback
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Augmented Feedback
Augmented Feedback
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Knowledge of Results (KR)
Knowledge of Results (KR)
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Knowledge of Performance (KP)
Knowledge of Performance (KP)
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Purpose of Augmented Feedback
Purpose of Augmented Feedback
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Sandwich Approach
Sandwich Approach
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Constant Practice
Constant Practice
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Generalised Motor Program
Generalised Motor Program
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Invariant Features
Invariant Features
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Parameters
Parameters
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Schema
Schema
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Cognitive Stage
Cognitive Stage
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Associative Stage
Associative Stage
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Autonomous Stage
Autonomous Stage
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Real-time Feedback
Real-time Feedback
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Coordination as an interaction
Coordination as an interaction
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Skill acquisition challenges
Skill acquisition challenges
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Limitations of traditional skill learning
Limitations of traditional skill learning
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Drawbacks of repetitive drills
Drawbacks of repetitive drills
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Ecological approach to skill learning
Ecological approach to skill learning
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Study Notes
Week 1: Introduction to Motor Learning and Control and Classification of Skills
- Motor learning examines processes and variables influencing skill acquisition
- Motor control focuses on the neural, physical, and behavioral aspects of movement
- Learning and performance are different; learning is permanent change, performance is the act of executing.
- Motor skills are categorized by precision (gross vs. fine), movement organization (discrete, serial, continuous), and environmental predictability (open vs. closed)
- Gentile's multidimensional system classifies skills by context and action requirements
- Individual differences in abilities affect skill learning
- Stages of learning are cognitive (basic patterns), associative (refinement), and autonomous (automatic)
- Gentile's two-stage model emphasizes learner goal and task/environment influence (stages 1 and 2).
Week 2: Information Processing and Reaction Time
- Perception involves attaching meaning to sensory information
- Response selection is determining what action to take
- Response programming is retrieving the motor program from memory
- Reaction time is the time lag between stimulus and response initiation
- Numerous factors influence reaction time (response choices, anticipation, compatibility, practice)
- Recognizing slow response times helps determine causes of errors
Week 3: Skill Presentation: Instructions and Demonstration
- Practitioners use hands-on (direct instruction/feedback) or hands-off (exploration) approaches
- Instructions should be concise, accurate, few in number, and repeated
- Demonstrations should show skill completely, highlight key elements, and be appropriate for learners' experience
- Learners benefit from focus on whole skill or effects of movements, not only body movement.
- Vary methods to suit task and learner
- Provide frequent feedback to guide learning, initially using more frequent feedback that is faded as competency grows.
Week 4: Practice Schedules
- Constant practice for initial skill learning, then variable practice if skill is more complex or involves multiple actions or situations
- Varying both the regulatory and non-regulatory conditions of practice will strengthen the skill for general applicability.
- Contextual interference is useful for skill acquisition when blocked practice (same skill repeated) is used, and when random practice (different skills in different order) is used (to reinforce learning)
- Effective practice involves adjustments for various factors
Week 5: Wearables in Sport
- Wearable devices collect various data including heart rate, GPS location, and physiological metrics
- Data analysis helps identify strengths/weaknesses and optimize training strategies
Week 7: Real-Time Feedback & Sport Performance
- Real-time feedback allows immediate adjustments during training and competition.
- Various technologies, such as Hawkeye and Snickometer, are used in cricket to provide performance feedback.
- Wearable devices provide intrinsic and extrinsic feedback.
- Wearables enable customized training programs
- Personalized feedback maximizes learning
Week 8: Motor Control Theories
- The concept of general motor programs focuses on how skills can be adapted for different situations (invariant/static elements for general applicability) through adjustments in their details (parameters)
- Motor control issues center on how learners condense movements and control the ensuing actions in skilled movement
- General motor program theory improves our understanding of how people perform movements in the variety of tasks they encounter
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