Sports Performance and Genetics

Type I = Fibre recruitment for tasks requiring low force and endurance Type IIa = Fibre recruitment for tasks requiring moderate force and speed Type IIx = Fibre recruitment for tasks requiring high force and speed Type II = Fibre recruitment for tasks requiring high force and low endurance

ATP-PC = Primary energy system for generating power Glycolysis = Secondary energy system for generating energy Phosphocreatine = Energy storage system for high-intensity activities Oxidative phosphorylation = Energy system for low-intensity activities

Motivation = Impacts fibre recruitment and power development Skill and technique = Affects fatigue and performance Arousal = Impacts neuromuscular drive and power output Creatine supplements = Improves performance by increasing phosphocreatine levels

<p>Requires high force and speed = Ultra-short term performances Requires low force and endurance = Short-term performances Requires moderate force and speed = Short-term performances Requires high endurance and low force = Ultra-short term performances</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intramuscular energy supply = Not a limitation in ultra-short term performances Fibre type distribution and recruitment = Impacts performance in ultra-short term events Neuromuscular drive = Impacts power output in ultra-short term events Skill and technique = Impacts fatigue and performance in ultra-short term events</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type of task = Specific to the type of task undertaken Fibre type distribution = Impacts fatigue in ultra-short term events Motivation and arousal = Impacts power output and fatigue Skill and technique = Impacts fatigue in ultra-short term events</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP-PC = Less than 10 seconds Glycolysis = 10-180 seconds Phosphocreatine = Less than 10 seconds Oxidative phosphorylation = Greater than 180 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motivation and arousal = Integral part of power development Skill and technique = Affects fatigue and performance Fibre type distribution and recruitment = Impacts performance in ultra-short term events Intramuscular energy supply = Not a limitation in ultra-short term performances</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peak Power = Instantaneous max power occurring for a second or a fraction of Mean Max Power = The average power sustained over a fixed duration Repeat Sprint Capacity = The ability to sustain performance over a set of sprint tasks Anaerobic Capacity = Represented by W prime using the CP method</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle Strength = Max force production capabilities of a muscle Max Dynamic Strength = Assessed by 1RM or 3RM Power = The combo of peak force and contraction velocity elicited by the muscle Strength Endurance = Consistency, similar to repeated sprint ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ergometer = Measures power for bike, rowing, and kayak exercises Treadmill = Used for running exercises, but does not measure power Force Plate = Used to test for power Metronome = Sets the rate for strength endurance testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological Limitations to Performance = Understanding factors responsible for limiting sport performance Anaerobic Capacity = Represented by W prime using the CP method Strength Endurance = Consistency, similar to repeated sprint ability Repeat Sprint Capacity = The ability to sustain performance over a set of sprint tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peak Power = Measures power for a single max effort on an ergometer Mean Max Power = The average power sustained over a fixed duration Repeat Sprint Capacity = Done using a treadmill for running exercises Anaerobic Capacity = Measures power using emerging wearable technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1RM = Assesses max dynamic strength with a specific warm-up protocol 3RM = Assesses max dynamic strength Ergometer = Measures power for bike, rowing, and kayak exercises Force Plate = Used to assess muscle strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strength Endurance = Uses a mass 70% of 1RM and the task is repeated until failure Repeat Sprint Capacity = Ability to sustain performance over a set of sprint tasks Muscle Strength = Max force production capabilities of a muscle Power = Consistency, similar to repeated sprint ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological Limitations to Performance = Factors responsible for limiting sport performance Anaerobic Capacity = Emerging wearable technology to measure power Strength Endurance = Tests using a force plate Repeat Sprint Capacity = Understanding factors responsible for limiting sport performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low to moderate intensity = Pulmonary system doesn't limit exercise tolerance High intensity exercise = Respiratory fatigue can occur during prolonged bouts 90-100% VO2max = Respiratory fatigue can occur Sea level = Pulmonary system is not a limit for healthy people</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genotype A = High responders with 50% improvement in VO2max Genotype E = Low responders with 2-3% improvement in VO2max</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incomplete pulmonary gas exchange = May limit athletes in some performances Genetics = Determines training response and aerobic capacity Respiratory fatigue = Occurs during high intensity exercise Anaerobic capacity = Is more genetically determined than aerobic capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High responders = Low, untrained VO2max and limited exercise training response Low responders = Untrained yet high VO2max and 50% improvement with training</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary system = Limits exercise tolerance in high intensity exercise Genetics = Determines training response and aerobic capacity Respiratory fatigue = Occurs during low to moderate intensity exercise Anaerobic capacity = Is more genetically determined than aerobic capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incomplete pulmonary gas exchange = Limits athletes in some performances Genetics = Has a role in determining training response Respiratory fatigue = Occurs during high intensity exercise Anaerobic capacity = Is affected by training in anaerobic performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetics = Determines training response and aerobic capacity Pulmonary system = Limits exercise tolerance in high intensity exercise Respiratory fatigue = Occurs during high intensity exercise Anaerobic capacity = Is affected by training in anaerobic performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genotype A = Low, untrained VO2max and limited exercise training response Genotype E = Ideal genetic make up and high untrained VO2max High responders = Untrained yet high VO2max and 50% improvement with training Low responders = Low, untrained VO2max and limited exercise training response</p> Signup and view all the answers