Sport and Exercise Psychology Overview
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Sport and Exercise Psychology Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which area of study in sport and exercise psychology focuses on how individuals cope with stress and emotions during athletic performance?

  • Mental health and cognition
  • Culture and physical activity
  • Stress, coping, and emotion in sport (correct)
  • Friendships and social support

    • What is one of the key focuses of positive psychology within sport and exercise psychology?

  • Understanding negative emotions
  • Promoting well-being and happiness (correct)
  • Enhancing physical strength
  • Improving tactical skills

    • In the context of consulting in sport and exercise psychology, which role focuses on providing therapeutic support to address personal issues?

  • Counselling (correct)
  • Educational
  • Research
  • Clinical psychology

    • Which intervention approach in positive psychology emphasizes the role of optimism on an individual’s performance?

    <p>Cognitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What career responsibility is primarily associated with those involved in research within sport and exercise psychology?

    <p>Advancing knowledge and conducting studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential benefit of utilizing positive psychology in sports according to the principles stated?

    <p>Strengthened psychological resiliency and perseverance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a focus area of study within sport and exercise psychology at UOttawa?

    <p>Advanced nutritional strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the training paths for becoming a specialist in sport and exercise psychology?

    <p>Combination of sport science education and applied psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT typically included in the assessment of leadership characteristics?

    <p>Membership duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of the Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS)?

    <p>Athletes' preferences and perceptions of leadership behaviour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does transformational leadership differ from transactional leadership?

    <p>Transformational leadership emphasizes inspiring and empowering followers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension is NOT part of the transformational leadership model?

    <p>Management by exception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence might result from a misalignment among leader behaviour states?

    <p>Diminished performance and satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach emphasizes the reciprocal influence of personal factors and situations on behavior?

    <p>Interactionist approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of personality measurement is the Thematic Apperception Test classified as?

    <p>Projective test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a sport-specific measure of athletic personality traits?

    <p>Athletic Motivation Inventory (AMI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major limitation of projective tests in personality assessment?

    <p>They are difficult to score accurately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological testing aspect is critical for ensuring ethical standards in personality assessments?

    <p>Confidentiality of results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which testing method does the individual provide answers that are standardized and have a specific choice?

    <p>Objective test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What personality trait is primarily measured by Vealey's Trait Sport-Confidence Inventory?

    <p>Self-confidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which view is associated with skepticism regarding the credibility of personality research in predicting athletic success?

    <p>Skeptical view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Sports Competitive Anxiety Test (SCAT) primarily assesses which aspect of personality?

    <p>Trait anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the effect size of .10 in the study by Beedie, Terry, and Lane (2000) indicate about the ability to differentiate athletes based on mood states?

    <p>It indicates a very low ability to differentiate athletes based on mood states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding the relationship between personality and athletic performance?

    <p>There is a high correlation between personality traits and physical skill.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between precompetitive mood profiles and competition outcomes according to the findings of Beedie, Terry, and Lane (2000)?

    <p>Precompetitive mood profiles can predict performance but vary by sport type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Comparing individual sports to team sports, which statement best reflects the results regarding mood states?

    <p>Individual sports show slightly larger effects from mood states than team sports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three key components of motivation identified in the content?

    <p>Direction, intensity, and persistence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of non-conscious processes in human behavior?

    <p>They help humans navigate their environment without awareness and use minimal cognitive resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of sport, what is the primary function of implementation intentions?

    <p>To train cognitive structures by creating if-then statements for behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Sport Commitment Model, which of the following is a determinant of sport commitment?

    <p>Psychological state of desire or resolve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does automatic association with exercise and appearance have on individuals according to the findings?

    <p>It leads to lower intentions to exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following myths about elite athletes is critically addressed in the content?

    <p>Elite athletes often have a distinct personality profile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of goal focuses on improving and attaining personal performance standards?

    <p>Performance goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of team goal-setting, according to research?

    <p>Enhanced cohesion levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the performance profiling assessment tool?

    <p>Identify key performance characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the SMART criteria for goal setting?

    <p>Safer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common mistake in goal setting involves the risk of losing focus on one's main objectives?

    <p>Setting too many goals too soon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment rating corresponds to a performance characteristic being 'completely like me'?

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents the definition of imagery in sports psychology?

    <p>Using the senses to recreate or create experiences in the mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When determining goals, which guideline suggests that they should be documented?

    <p>Write down goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In performance profiling, what does the discrepancy score reflect?

    <p>Difference between ideal and current ratings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key focus of process goals in sports goal setting?

    <p>Specific behaviors during performances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sport and Exercise Psychology

    • The field focuses on the psychological aspects of sport and exercise.
    • Areas of study include mental health, stress management, motivation, body image, and cultural influences.
    • Positive psychology emphasizes understanding factors that contribute to well-being and fulfillment in sport and exercise.

    Positive Psychology in Sport and Exercise Psychology

    • It focuses on understanding the positive aspects of human experience, such as well-being, fulfillment, and happiness.
    • It aims to enhance performance and build psychological resilience.
    • It employs a unique perspective to enhance performance and create greater psychological resilience.
    • Resiliency focuses on adaptability in the face of adversity.
    • It utilizes three intervention approaches: emotional, cognitive, and behavioral.

    Careers in Sport and Exercise Psychology

    • It offers careers in research, teaching, and consulting.
    • Teaching involves providing educational services in universities, colleges, and communities.
    • Research aims to advance knowledge in areas of psychology related to sport and exercise.
    • Consulting provides guidance to individuals, teams, and organizations on enhancing performance and well-being.

    Training to be a Sport and Exercise Psychologist

    • It combines teaching, research, and performance enhancement.
    • There are two primary training orientations: sport science education and clinical psychology.
    • The Interactionist approach emphasizes the interplay between individual characteristics and the environment in shaping behavior.
    • This approach recognizes that individuals actively shape their behavior.

    Measurement of Personality

    • Ethical considerations are crucial in personality testing.
    • Individuals should be informed about the purpose, limitations, and confidentiality of testing.
    • Qualified individuals should administer personality tests.
    • Personality measures can be categorized as trait and state.
    • Trait measures are general, while state measures are specific to a particular situation.
    • Sport-specific measures are designed for the context of athletic performance.
    • Examples of personality measures include the Athletic Motivation Inventory (AMI) and the Sport Competitive Anxiety Test (SCAT).

    The Credulous vs. the Skeptical

    • There is a debate on the credibility of personality research and its predictive power in athletic performance.
    • The credulous view believes personality traits can accurately predict athletic success.
    • The skeptical view is more cautious about the use of personality assessments in predicting athletic performance.
    • Although personality is not a strong predictor, there is some evidence that it can play a role.

    Mood States and Achievement Levels

    • Research on mood states and achievement levels has shown mixed results.
    • Meta-analysis indicates a weak correlation between mood states and skill levels.

    Mood States and Performance Outcomes

    • Research explores the potential for using mood states to predict performance outcomes.
    • Meta-analysis suggests a modest correlation between pre-competition mood and performance.

    Mood States and Type of Sport

    • The impact of mood on performance may vary based on the type of sport.
    • Individual sports and short-duration sports may exhibit more pronounced effects compared to team sports and long-duration sports.

    Motivation

    • It is a process that focuses on achieving a goal.
    • It involves the initiation and continuation of activities related to the goal.
    • Key concepts within motivation include direction, intensity, and persistence.

    Approaches to Understanding Motivation

    • Non-conscious processes operate outside of our awareness and are influenced by feelings and minimal cognitive effort.
    • Conscious process are intentional, slow, guided by beliefs, values, and cognitive processing.
    • Automatic associations often arise from repeated linking of conscious processes with behaviors.
    • Cue interventions can encourage automatic associations through strategies like implementation intentions and mindfulness training.

    Sport Commitment Model

    • It represents a psychological state of desire or resolve to continue sport participation.
    • It emphasizes factors that contribute to commitment, such as mindfulness and goal setting.

    Goal Setting

    • It is the practice of establishing desirable objectives for one's actions.
    • It directs attention, mobilizes effort, and promotes new learning strategies.
    • Types of goals include outcome, performance, and process goals.
    • Performance profiling is a useful assessment tool for identifying strengths and weaknesses to set effective goals based on discrepancies between ideal and current performance.
    • SMART guidelines provide structure in goal setting, emphasizing specificity, measurability, adjustability, realism, and timeliness.

    Imagery

    • It is the use of senses to recreate or create experiences in the mind, mimicking real-life experiences.
    • It plays a significant role in mental training and performance enhancement.

    Leadership Characteristics

    • These include personality, expertise, and experience.

    Member Characteristics

    • Include personality, gender, age, and ability relative to the task.

    Required Behaviour

    • A set of prescriptions and proscriptions of the situation in which leadership occurs.
    • Mostly defined by the situational characteristics.

    Actual Behaviour

    • How the leader actually behaves.
    • Based on leadership characteristics.
    • Also constrained by the situational requirements and accommodate member preferences.

    Preferred Behaviour

    • Preferences of the followers for specific forms of behavior.
    • Function of their member characteristics.
    • Members are also aware of the situational requirements.

    Satisfaction and Performance

    • Misalignment among the three states of leader behavior would diminish performance and/or satisfaction.
    • The dynamic nature highlighted with backward arrows indicating feedback.

    Leadership Scale for Sport

    • A scale designed to assess five leadership behaviors/dimensions.
    • Purpose:
      • To assess athletes' preferences for specific leader behavior.
      • To assess athletes' perceptions of their own coaches' behavior.
      • To assess coaches' perceptions of their own behavior.

    Transactional and Transformational Leadership

    • Transactional leadership involves exchanges between the leader and the person being led.
    • Transformational leadership goes beyond self-interest to empower and inspire followers.

    Laissez-Faire Leadership

    • A style of leadership that is characterized by indifference, absence and hesitancy to make any substantive decisions.

    Transactional Leadership

    • It focuses on management by exception (passive and active) and contingent rewards.

    Transformational Leadership

    • It focuses on four dimensions: intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, inspirational motivation, and idealized influence.

    Nature and Nurture

    • Both genetics and environmental factors contribute to leadership traits and behaviors.

    Training and Intervention

    • Transformational leadership skills can be developed through professional development training.

    Transformational Teaching in PE

    • It has been linked to improved beliefs, attitudes, motivation, enjoyment, and engagement in physical education.

    Social Identity and Leadership

    • Social identity plays a crucial role in leadership, underscoring the importance of "we" over "you".

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    APA 2140 Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the psychological aspects of sport and exercise, focusing on mental health, motivation, and resilience. This quiz examines the contributions of positive psychology in enhancing performance and well-being. Discover potential career paths in this dynamic field.

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