Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following clinical signs are consistent with the disseminated form of sporotrichosis in dogs?
Which of the following clinical signs are consistent with the disseminated form of sporotrichosis in dogs?
What role might intact male outdoor cats play in the transmission of sporotrichosis?
What role might intact male outdoor cats play in the transmission of sporotrichosis?
What type of immunohistochemistry sensitivity is reported for diagnosing sporothricosis in dogs?
What type of immunohistochemistry sensitivity is reported for diagnosing sporothricosis in dogs?
Which of the following is NOT a cause or risk factor for sporotrichosis in dogs?
Which of the following is NOT a cause or risk factor for sporotrichosis in dogs?
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What diagnostic tool may be used for early detection of sporothricosis in cats?
What diagnostic tool may be used for early detection of sporothricosis in cats?
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Which statement regarding zoonotic transmission of sporotrichosis is true?
Which statement regarding zoonotic transmission of sporotrichosis is true?
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Which of the following is not a symptom typically associated with the cutaneous form of sporotrichosis?
Which of the following is not a symptom typically associated with the cutaneous form of sporotrichosis?
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What does the acronym ELISA stand for in the context of diagnosing sporotrichosis?
What does the acronym ELISA stand for in the context of diagnosing sporotrichosis?
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What is the primary causative agent of sporotrichosis?
What is the primary causative agent of sporotrichosis?
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Which diagnostic technique is preferred for confirming sporotrichosis in affected tissue?
Which diagnostic technique is preferred for confirming sporotrichosis in affected tissue?
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What is a primary clinical sign of sporotrichosis in dogs?
What is a primary clinical sign of sporotrichosis in dogs?
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What additional monitoring is recommended during therapy for a patient with sporotrichosis?
What additional monitoring is recommended during therapy for a patient with sporotrichosis?
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Which of the following treatment options remain relatively untested for sporotrichosis?
Which of the following treatment options remain relatively untested for sporotrichosis?
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In which species is sporotrichosis primarily seen, although less commonly observed in another?
In which species is sporotrichosis primarily seen, although less commonly observed in another?
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What type of inflammation is often seen in the exudates of lesions caused by sporotrichosis?
What type of inflammation is often seen in the exudates of lesions caused by sporotrichosis?
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What is a common misconception regarding the diagnostic procedures for sporotrichosis?
What is a common misconception regarding the diagnostic procedures for sporotrichosis?
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What is the recommended drug of choice for dogs with a suspected infection from S.schenckii?
What is the recommended drug of choice for dogs with a suspected infection from S.schenckii?
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Which of the following statements regarding transmission of S.schenckii is true?
Which of the following statements regarding transmission of S.schenckii is true?
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What is the duration of therapy recommended for cats with S.schenckii infection beyond clinical cure?
What is the duration of therapy recommended for cats with S.schenckii infection beyond clinical cure?
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Which medication is advised against for cats being treated for S.schenckii due to absorption issues?
Which medication is advised against for cats being treated for S.schenckii due to absorption issues?
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What is the primary purpose of maintaining caution when dealing with S.schenckii?
What is the primary purpose of maintaining caution when dealing with S.schenckii?
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Which of the following is not included in the differential diagnosis for S.schenckii infection?
Which of the following is not included in the differential diagnosis for S.schenckii infection?
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What combination of medications is recommended for cats with disseminated disease caused by S.schenckii?
What combination of medications is recommended for cats with disseminated disease caused by S.schenckii?
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In which of the following scenarios does the absence of a break in the skin guarantee protection against S.schenckii?
In which of the following scenarios does the absence of a break in the skin guarantee protection against S.schenckii?
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Study Notes
Sporotrichosis Overview
- Zoonotic fungal disease affecting the integument, lymphatics, or generalized system.
- Caused by inoculation of Sporothrix schenckii into subcutaneous tissue.
Sporotrichosis Signalment
- Cats and dogs are most commonly affected (dogs more commonly).
Sporotrichosis Signs
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Dogs (Cutaneous)
- Multiple nodules that may drain or crust.
- Lesions primarily located on the head and dorsal muzzle.
- Occasionally found on chest, body, and limbs.
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Cats (Cutaneous)
- Initial lesions appear as wounds or abscesses similar to fight wounds.
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Cutaneolymphatic
- Extension of cutaneous form through lymphatics.
- Formation of new nodules and draining tracts or crusts.
- Lymphadenopathy is frequent.
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Disseminated Form
- Systemic signs including lameness, respiratory symptoms (nasal discharge, sneezing, stertorous breathing), anorexia, and weight loss.
Sporotrichosis Causes & Risk Factors
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Dogs:
- Hunting dogs from puncture wounds associated with thorns or splinters.
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Cats:
- Intact male outdoor cats.
- Healthy cats may play a minor role in transmission.
- General:
- Exposure to soil rich in decaying organic debris.
- Contact with infected animals, including clinically healthy cats in the same household.
- Immunosuppressive disease.
Sporotrichosis Diagnosis
- Cytology of exudates: Cigar- to round-shaped yeasts found intracellularly and/or free in the exudates with pyogranulamatous inflammation.
- Biopsy: Organisms usually numerous, fungal stains like periodic acid–Schiff or Gomori’s methamine silver can be helpful. Pyogranulomatous inflammation with few mast cells, eosinophils, and plasma cells.
- Radiographs: Evidence of irregular periostal proliferation.
- Immunohistochemistry: Can be useful for early diagnosis in cats, reporting high sensitivity in dogs.
- ELISA: Screening tool for detecting specific S. schenckii antibodies in cats with sporotrichosis.
Sporotrichosis Treatment
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Dogs:
- Drugs of Choice: Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Terbinafine
- Administered orally until 1 month after clinical resolution (generally within 3 months).
- Disseminated disease: Amphotericin B and itraconazole combination; terbinafine may also be effective.
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Cats:
- Drugs of Choice: Itraconazole
- Oral administration for a minimum of 1 month beyond clinical cure.
Sporotrichosis Follow-Up
- Reevaluation, including liver enzyme assessment, every 2-4 weeks.
Sporotrichosis Miscellaneous
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Zoonotic Potential:
- Caution is paramount due to zoonotic nature.
- Client education is essential.
- Transmission can occur through bites and scratches from infected animals.
- Clinically healthy cats sharing a household can be a source of infection.
- Absence of a skin break does not prevent infection.
-
Differential Diagnosis:
- Bacterial (deep) and fungal infection (cryptococcosis, blastomycosis, feline leprosy, histoplasmosis), neoplasia, granulomas caused by foreign bodies, parasites (Demodex, Pelodera, Leishmania).
Sporotrichosis Prevention/Avoidance
- N/A
Sporotrichosis Expected Course and Prognosis
- Failure to respond to therapy is possible.
- Fluconazole and terbinafine are relatively untested but show potential for treatment.
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Description
Test your knowledge on sporotrichosis, a zoonotic fungal disease primarily affecting cats and dogs. This quiz covers the signs, symptoms, and risk factors associated with this condition. Understand how this disease manifests in both species and learn more about its impact on veterinary health.
