Sporotrichosis Overview and Symptoms
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Sporotrichosis Overview and Symptoms

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following clinical signs are consistent with the disseminated form of sporotrichosis in dogs?

  • Increased appetite
  • Change in fur texture
  • Irritability and aggressiveness
  • Nasal discharge and weight loss (correct)

    • What role might intact male outdoor cats play in the transmission of sporotrichosis?

  • Increase human exposure through bites
  • Completely eliminate the disease in the environment
  • Act as a source of infection for healthy cats (correct)
  • Have no role in transmission at all

    • What type of immunohistochemistry sensitivity is reported for diagnosing sporothricosis in dogs?

  • Moderate sensitivity
  • Low sensitivity
  • High sensitivity (correct)
  • No sensitivity

    • Which of the following is NOT a cause or risk factor for sporotrichosis in dogs?

    <p>Exposure to freshwater bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic tool may be used for early detection of sporothricosis in cats?

    <p>Immunohistochemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding zoonotic transmission of sporotrichosis is true?

    <p>Zoonotic transmission can occur from bites and scratches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a symptom typically associated with the cutaneous form of sporotrichosis?

    <p>Lameness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym ELISA stand for in the context of diagnosing sporotrichosis?

    <p>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary causative agent of sporotrichosis?

    <p>Sporothrix schenckii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic technique is preferred for confirming sporotrichosis in affected tissue?

    <p>Biopsy of the skin lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary clinical sign of sporotrichosis in dogs?

    <p>Nodules that may drain or crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional monitoring is recommended during therapy for a patient with sporotrichosis?

    <p>Assessment of liver enzymes every 2-4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatment options remain relatively untested for sporotrichosis?

    <p>Fluconazole and terbinafine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which species is sporotrichosis primarily seen, although less commonly observed in another?

    <p>Cats, more common than dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inflammation is often seen in the exudates of lesions caused by sporotrichosis?

    <p>Pyogranulomatous inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding the diagnostic procedures for sporotrichosis?

    <p>Swab cultures are preferred over tissue cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended drug of choice for dogs with a suspected infection from S.schenckii?

    <p>Ketoconazole 5–15 mg/kg PO q12h</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding transmission of S.schenckii is true?

    <p>Cats may act as reservoirs and transmit the infection via bites or scratches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of therapy recommended for cats with S.schenckii infection beyond clinical cure?

    <p>1 month post clinical resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is advised against for cats being treated for S.schenckii due to absorption issues?

    <p>Compounded formulations of itraconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of maintaining caution when dealing with S.schenckii?

    <p>It can be transmitted from animals to humans and vice versa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not included in the differential diagnosis for S.schenckii infection?

    <p>Dermatophytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What combination of medications is recommended for cats with disseminated disease caused by S.schenckii?

    <p>Amphotericin B and itraconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following scenarios does the absence of a break in the skin guarantee protection against S.schenckii?

    <p>There is no protection guaranteed by the absence of skin breaks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sporotrichosis Overview

    • Zoonotic fungal disease affecting the integument, lymphatics, or generalized system.
    • Caused by inoculation of Sporothrix schenckii into subcutaneous tissue.

    Sporotrichosis Signalment

    • Cats and dogs are most commonly affected (dogs more commonly).

    Sporotrichosis Signs

    • Dogs (Cutaneous)
      • Multiple nodules that may drain or crust.
      • Lesions primarily located on the head and dorsal muzzle.
      • Occasionally found on chest, body, and limbs.
    • Cats (Cutaneous)
      • Initial lesions appear as wounds or abscesses similar to fight wounds.
    • Cutaneolymphatic
      • Extension of cutaneous form through lymphatics.
      • Formation of new nodules and draining tracts or crusts.
      • Lymphadenopathy is frequent.
    • Disseminated Form
      • Systemic signs including lameness, respiratory symptoms (nasal discharge, sneezing, stertorous breathing), anorexia, and weight loss.

    Sporotrichosis Causes & Risk Factors

    • Dogs:
      • Hunting dogs from puncture wounds associated with thorns or splinters.
    • Cats:
      • Intact male outdoor cats.
      • Healthy cats may play a minor role in transmission.
    • General:
      • Exposure to soil rich in decaying organic debris.
      • Contact with infected animals, including clinically healthy cats in the same household.
      • Immunosuppressive disease.

    Sporotrichosis Diagnosis

    • Cytology of exudates: Cigar- to round-shaped yeasts found intracellularly and/or free in the exudates with pyogranulamatous inflammation.
    • Biopsy: Organisms usually numerous, fungal stains like periodic acid–Schiff or Gomori’s methamine silver can be helpful. Pyogranulomatous inflammation with few mast cells, eosinophils, and plasma cells.
    • Radiographs: Evidence of irregular periostal proliferation.
    • Immunohistochemistry: Can be useful for early diagnosis in cats, reporting high sensitivity in dogs.
    • ELISA: Screening tool for detecting specific S. schenckii antibodies in cats with sporotrichosis.

    Sporotrichosis Treatment

    • Dogs:
      • Drugs of Choice: Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Terbinafine
      • Administered orally until 1 month after clinical resolution (generally within 3 months).
      • Disseminated disease: Amphotericin B and itraconazole combination; terbinafine may also be effective.
    • Cats:
      • Drugs of Choice: Itraconazole
      • Oral administration for a minimum of 1 month beyond clinical cure.

    Sporotrichosis Follow-Up

    • Reevaluation, including liver enzyme assessment, every 2-4 weeks.

    Sporotrichosis Miscellaneous

    • Zoonotic Potential:
      • Caution is paramount due to zoonotic nature.
      • Client education is essential.
      • Transmission can occur through bites and scratches from infected animals.
      • Clinically healthy cats sharing a household can be a source of infection.
      • Absence of a skin break does not prevent infection.
    • Differential Diagnosis:
      • Bacterial (deep) and fungal infection (cryptococcosis, blastomycosis, feline leprosy, histoplasmosis), neoplasia, granulomas caused by foreign bodies, parasites (Demodex, Pelodera, Leishmania).

    Sporotrichosis Prevention/Avoidance

    • N/A

    Sporotrichosis Expected Course and Prognosis

    • Failure to respond to therapy is possible.
    • Fluconazole and terbinafine are relatively untested but show potential for treatment.

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    Sporotrichosis in Canines and Felines - Blackwell's Veterinary Consult PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on sporotrichosis, a zoonotic fungal disease primarily affecting cats and dogs. This quiz covers the signs, symptoms, and risk factors associated with this condition. Understand how this disease manifests in both species and learn more about its impact on veterinary health.

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