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Questions and Answers
What does a software process methodology specify?
Which of the following best describes a software process model?
What is the primary benefit of structured design in software development?
What strategy does structured design primarily utilize?
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In the context of software design methodologies, what is meant by 'artifacts'?
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What does software design require to find an optimum solution?
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How are the solution modules arranged in structured design?
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Which methodology is not an example of a software process methodology?
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What is the main focus of constraint programming?
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What is a characteristic of imperative programming?
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Which programming paradigm allows for cross-cutting concerns to be applied transparently?
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Which programming language is often associated with early structured programming?
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In Object-Oriented Programming, what do objects do in response to messages?
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What is the primary distinction of flow-driven programming?
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What is the purpose of the 'ifTrue:' message in Smalltalk-like syntax?
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What programming paradigm involves the manipulation of program elements themselves?
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What is the primary purpose of encapsulation in object-oriented design?
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Which principle allows for the creation of subclasses in object-oriented design?
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Which statement best describes polymorphism?
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In top-down design, what is the initial step taken?
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What is a key characteristic of the top-down design approach?
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What design process step involves grouping objects into classes?
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Which of the following correctly defines abstraction in the context of object-oriented design?
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Which approach is more suitable when designing a software solution from scratch?
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What is a significant drawback of the waterfall development method?
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What is the primary benefit of rapid application development (RAD)?
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Which phase of the RAD process involves repeating user design and construction until product requirements are met?
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In what scenario is RAD most effectively utilized?
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What is one of the key requirements for organizations to benefit from the RAD methodology?
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What do the methodologies of software development share in terms of their applicability?
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Which type of project is considered least suitable for rapid application development?
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What distinguishes a methodology from a process in software development?
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What is the primary advantage of using agile development methodology?
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What role does the project manager play in the spiral model?
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Which of the following statements about agile methodologies is incorrect?
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What is a common challenge faced when transitioning to agile development from a waterfall method?
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Which agile method is NOT mentioned as a form of agile development?
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What is a known disadvantage of agile development methodologies?
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How can agile development improve user experience compared to traditional methods?
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What characteristic is unique to the spiral model compared to traditional methods?
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Study Notes
Spiral Model and Project Management
- The spiral model integrates aspects of the Waterfall Life Cycle, emphasizing iterative phases for software product development.
- Project managers adapt the number of phases according to project risks, playing a critical role in implementing the spiral approach.
Software Development Methodologies
- Successful project management requires selecting the appropriate software development methodology based on project needs.
- Agile Development Methodology promotes iterative releases to minimize risks like bugs and cost overruns, fostering early defect detection and user feedback.
- Variants of Agile include Scrum, Crystal, Extreme Programming (XP), and Feature-Driven Development (FDD).
Advantages and Disadvantages of Agile
- Pros:
- Iterative releases enhance efficiency and early realization of software benefits.
- Cons:
- Heavy reliance on real-time communication can result in inadequate documentation for newcomers.
- Agile methods can be labor-intensive and may pose challenges for teams accustomed to Waterfall methodologies.
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
- RAD allows for quick adjustments to shifting requirements, ensuring low investment costs while producing high-quality systems.
- Comprises four main phases: requirements planning, user design, construction, and cutover.
- Effective for projects with clear objectives and defined user groups, particularly small-to-medium, time-sensitive projects.
Advantages and Disadvantages of RAD
- Pros:
- Ideal for projects requiring rapid turnaround without significant computational complexity.
- Cons:
- Demands stable teams of highly skilled developers and informed users for efficient execution.
Methodology and Process Distinction
- A software process model represents the sequence of tasks; a methodology describes specific methods for conducting projects.
- Methodologies outline exact steps for producing software artifacts, while process models offer an abstract understanding of tasks.
Software Design Strategies
- Objective of software design: conceptualization of user requirements into implementation strategies.
- Structured Design emphasizes breaking complex problems into smaller, manageable parts, enhancing focus on problem-solving through modules.
Core Concepts in Structured Design
- Key concepts include encapsulation (restricting data access), abstraction (hiding implementation details), inheritance (reusing logic), and polymorphism (interpreting objects differently based on context).
Design Process Overview
- Creating a solution design involves identifying objects, defining class hierarchies, and establishing application frameworks based on system requirements.
Software Design Approaches
- Top-Down Design decomposes systems from a generalized model into specific sub-systems, suitable for novel software solutions.
- Flow-Driven, Logic, Constraint, Aspect-Oriented, Reflective, and Array programming paradigms provide various strategies for programming.
Programming Paradigms
- Imperative Programming operates through explicit commands affecting computation state, with languages like C, Pascal, and Ada emphasizing structured programming.
- Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) models problem-solving through message-passing between objects, enhancing modularity and encapsulation.
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Description
This quiz covers the initial phase of the Spiral Model and its significance in the Waterfall Life Cycle. It emphasizes the dynamic role of a project manager in determining the number of phases based on project risks, crucial for successful software product development.
