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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of the Sprint Planning Meeting in Scrum?
What is the primary goal of the Sprint Planning Meeting in Scrum?
What is the primary purpose of the Daily Stand-up Meeting in Scrum?
What is the primary purpose of the Daily Stand-up Meeting in Scrum?
What type of development is characterized by a series of sprints, with each sprint focusing on a specific component?
What type of development is characterized by a series of sprints, with each sprint focusing on a specific component?
What is the primary goal of the Sprint Retrospective Meeting in Scrum?
What is the primary goal of the Sprint Retrospective Meeting in Scrum?
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What is the primary benefit of using iterative refinement in a project with vague requirements?
What is the primary benefit of using iterative refinement in a project with vague requirements?
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What is the primary purpose of the Burnup chart and Burndown chart in Scrum?
What is the primary purpose of the Burnup chart and Burndown chart in Scrum?
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What is the primary characteristic of Agile Methodologies?
What is the primary characteristic of Agile Methodologies?
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What is the primary benefit of using mixed processes in large projects?
What is the primary benefit of using mixed processes in large projects?
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What is the primary purpose of User Interface testing in Scrum?
What is the primary purpose of User Interface testing in Scrum?
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What is the primary focus of the Spiral Development model?
What is the primary focus of the Spiral Development model?
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What is the output of the first quadrant in the Spiral Development model?
What is the output of the first quadrant in the Spiral Development model?
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What is the primary advantage of using an iterative approach?
What is the primary advantage of using an iterative approach?
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What is the relationship between an iteration and a spiral in the Spiral Development model?
What is the relationship between an iteration and a spiral in the Spiral Development model?
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What is the primary purpose of the second quadrant in the Spiral Development model?
What is the primary purpose of the second quadrant in the Spiral Development model?
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Which phase is NOT part of the Spiral Development model?
Which phase is NOT part of the Spiral Development model?
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What is the primary benefit of using a risk-based approach in the Spiral Development model?
What is the primary benefit of using a risk-based approach in the Spiral Development model?
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What is the primary characteristic of the Spiral Development model?
What is the primary characteristic of the Spiral Development model?
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What is the primary purpose of the evaluation phase in the Spiral Development model?
What is the primary purpose of the evaluation phase in the Spiral Development model?
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What is the primary advantage of using an iterative approach in project management?
What is the primary advantage of using an iterative approach in project management?
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Study Notes
Risk Solution: Building a Prototype of the Data Access Subsystem
- The spiral model is a meta-model that subsumes all other models.
- The spiral model uses a prototyping approach to first draft the solution before embarking on the actual product.
- Iterations along the spiral model can be considered as the evolutionary levels through which the complete system is built.
Agile Methodology
- Agile methodology was first discussed in 2000 in Oregon, USA, with the goal of speeding up development times to bring new software to market faster.
- Three key ideas of Agile are:
- Speed to market
- Rapid feedback
- Continuous improvement
- In 2001, the Manifesto for Agile Software Development was created with 12 principles.
Agile Approach: Iterative and Incremental
- A large project is divided into small increments called sprints.
- Development is carried out by small teams of 4 to 9 people.
- The schedule is divided into fixed time boxes, typically 2 to 4 weeks.
- Each sprint is a time box during which the team completes part of a software project.
- Each sprint ends with fully tested code, ready to put into production.
Agile Development - Sprint
- After each sprint, the code may be:
- Released (original agile method)
- Combined with code from other sprints for subsequent release
- Incorporated into a larger code base (spiral development)
Scrum
- Scrum is the most widely used agile method for software development.
- Scrum roles include:
- Scrum Master
- Product Owner
- Development Team
Scrum Roles
- Scrum Master:
- Understands the theory, practices, rules, and values of Scrum
- Helps others improve interactions to maximize the value by the Scrum team
- Product Owner:
- The bridge between the business part and the technical part of the project
- Responsible for writing user stories and keeping the Product Backlog up to date
- Development Team:
- Transforms expressed needs into usable functionalities
- Includes developers, software architects, functional analysts, graphic designers, etc.
Product Backlog
- Contains all the user stories that will be turned into tasks for the Scrum team to select and plan in upcoming sprints.
- Product Owner is in charge of managing and keeping the Product Backlog up to date.
Sprint Backlog
- Contains all the tasks that need to be completed during a sprint.
Epics - User Stories - Tasks
- Epic:
- A functionality of the product to be developed
- A multiple sets of user stories grouped by categories or themes
- User Story:
- A statement of a user expectation
- Not a task, nor a specification
- Task:
- Technical activities that help respond to user stories
- Tasks should be same-sized but may be of different nature: design, development, test, etc.
Scrum Meetings
- Three types of meetings:
- Sprint Planning Meeting
- Daily Scrum Meeting
- Sprint Retrospective Meeting
Sprint Planning Meeting
- Goal: The development team selects the priority elements of the Product Backlog to complete in the current sprint.
Daily Scrum Meeting
- Daily synchronizing meeting
- Goal: to enable team members to gather on a daily basis to discuss tasks and work progress as well as potential problems to overcome possible blockages and promote mutual support.
Sprint Retrospective Meeting
- Toward continuous improvement
- Takes place at the end of the sprint
- Goal: discussing and taking a step back from the latest sprint to optimize interactions between individuals, raise product quality, and improve productivity.
- Tools:
- Burnup chart
- Burndown chart
- Velocity
Mixed Processes
- Many large projects use processes that mix aspects of the four types of software process.
- Examples:
- A project with well-understood requirements might use a modified waterfall approach to specify the requirements and system design, followed by a series of agile sprints.
- A project with vague requirements might use iterative refinement to clarify the requirements, followed by a modified waterfall model to build the final version.
- With spiral development, new components may be developed as a series of sprints.
Waterfall Model
- A pure sequential model is not possible, and some form of iteration is necessary.
- Examples of limitations include:
- Feasibility studies may reveal gaps in requirements specification.
- Client changes or development team decisions may impact technology choices.
Modified Waterfall Model
- This model works best when:
- Requirements are well understood.
- Design is straightforward.
- Examples of suitable applications include:
- Converting manual data processing systems with clear requirements.
- Developing new versions of systems with closely derived functionality.
- Building portions of large systems with clearly defined requirements.
Spiral Model
- The spiral model subsumes other models, including the waterfall model.
- Key features include:
- Prototyping approach to draft solutions before actual product development.
- Iterations along the spiral model represent evolutionary levels of system building.
- Results of each spiral are incorporated into the larger base system.
Agile Methodology
- Originated in 2000 in Oregon, US, as a response to the need for faster development times.
- Focuses on iterative and incremental development.
Spiral Development
- An iterative and incremental model with emphasis on risk analysis.
- 4 main phases:
- Planning
- Design
- Construct
- Evaluation
- Each iteration is equivalent to a spiral.
Spiral Development Schema
- 1st quadrant: Requirements gathering and analysis at the start of each spiral.
- 2nd quadrant: Solution evaluation, risk identification, and strategy development.
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Description
This quiz covers the Spiral model, its characteristics, and its relationship with other software development models. It also touches on prototyping and iterative development.
