Spinal Tuberculosis Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of spinal tuberculosis?

  • Escherichia coli
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (correct)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Staphylococcus aureus

Which site is most commonly affected by skeletal tuberculosis?

  • Vertebrae (correct)
  • Knee joint
  • Hip joint
  • Wrist bones

What percentage of patients with extra pulmonary tuberculosis show skeletal involvement?

  • 50%
  • 70%
  • 30%
  • 10% (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a identified risk factor for the progression of spinal tuberculosis?

<p>Participation in contact sports (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does spinal tuberculosis typically spread within the body?

<p>Hematogenous spread from a central focus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an indication for surgery in the case of TB of the spine?

<p>Inability to perform yoga (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary goals of spinal stabilization during surgical intervention for TB?

<p>To stabilize the spine and prevent further deformity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following surgical techniques is utilized for spinal TB treatment?

<p>Corpectomy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of conservative management for TB of the spine?

<p>Physical therapy and bed rest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is surgery for TB of the spine aiming to prevent?

<p>Late-onset paraplegia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following alternative therapies may help manage pain associated with spinal TB?

<p>Acupuncture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which supplement is important for bone health in the context of nutritional interventions for TB patients?

<p>Vitamin D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of transmission for bacterial meningitis?

<p>Respiratory droplets or close contact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses is NOT commonly associated with viral meningitis?

<p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of meningitis is most likely to develop gradually in immunocompromised individuals?

<p>Fungal meningitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a non-contagious cause of meningitis?

<p>Drug reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome associated with untreated bacterial meningitis?

<p>High case fatality and severe complications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following parasites is associated with parasitic meningitis?

<p>Naegleria fowleri (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment approach for non-infectious meningitis?

<p>Treatment based on the underlying cause (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a significant factor in the high severity of bacterial meningitis?

<p>The presence of specific bacterial pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of meningitis is typically caused by fungi and considered particularly dangerous for immunocompromised individuals?

<p>Fungal meningitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors increases susceptibility to meningitis in children and elderly individuals?

<p>Weakened immune system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key physical examination sign indicative of meningitis in infants?

<p>Brudzinski’s sign (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is least likely to be associated with meningitis?

<p>High blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental condition significantly increases the risk of contracting meningitis?

<p>Traveling to high-risk areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following underlying medical conditions is associated with a higher risk of meningitis?

<p>Cochlear implants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In adults, which symptom would most commonly indicate a case of meningitis?

<p>Nausea and vomiting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding vaccination and meningitis risk?

<p>Failure to receive vaccinations increases meningitis risk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What neurological symptom presents as resistance or pain during knee extension when the hip is flexed?

<p>Kernig’s sign (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change is commonly observed in individuals with meningitis?

<p>Increase in white blood cell count (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Pott's Disease?

Spinal tuberculosis (TB), often called Pott's Disease, is a type of TB that affects the vertebrae (spinal bones). It's caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, usually spreading from the lungs or other parts of the body.

What is Pott's Paraplegia?

Pott's paraplegia happens when spinal TB leads to a loss of movement and feeling in the legs due to spinal cord damage.

Why is the spine the most common site for skeletal TB?

The spine is the most common site for skeletal TB, and almost half of all skeletal TB cases involve the spine.

How does TB spread to the spine?

TB bacteria spreads to the spine through the bloodstream, usually from a primary infection in the lungs. This is called hematogenous spread.

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Who is most at risk for spinal TB?

People with a history of pulmonary TB are at higher risk for spinal TB. This is because the bacteria has already colonized in their body.

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Debridement (TB Spine)

Surgical procedure to remove infected tissue and bone in the spine due to TB.

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Spinal Stabilization (TB Spine)

Surgical procedures to stabilize the spine, such as Spinal Fusion or instrumentation.

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Corpectomy (TB Spine)

Surgical removal of a portion of the vertebra (bone of the spine) to address TB.

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Bracing (TB Spine)

Use of a brace or orthosis to stabilize the spine and reduce pain associated with TB.

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Meningitis

Inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.

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Protein-rich diet for TB

A protein-rich diet is crucial for healing wounds and repairing damaged tissues.

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Vitamins for TB

Vitamin D and calcium supplements are important for bone health and preventing osteoporosis, which can be a concern with TB.

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What is meningitis?

Inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

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What is bacterial meningitis?

Caused by bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae.

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What is viral meningitis?

Caused by viruses like enteroviruses, herpes simplex virus, or mumps virus. Usually less severe than bacterial meningitis.

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What is fungal meningitis?

Caused by fungi like Cryptococcus or Candida. More common in people with weakened immune systems.

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What is parasitic meningitis?

Rare and caused by parasites like Naegleria fowleri or Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Usually acquired from contaminated water or food.

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What is non-infectious meningitis?

Caused by autoimmune diseases (lupus), cancers, head injuries, or certain medications. Not contagious.

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Describe bacterial meningitis.

A severe and potentially life-threatening form of meningitis caused by bacteria.

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Who can get meningitis?

It can affect people of any age, but bacterial meningitis is a particular concern.

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Why is meningitis a major public health concern?

Meningitis remains a major global public health challenge due to its high mortality rate and potential for long-term complications.

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Meningitis: What is it?

Inflammation of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

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Who is more susceptible to Meningitis?

Infants, young children, and older adults are more likely to get meningitis.

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How do weakened immune systems relate to Meningitis?

People with weakened immune systems, like those with HIV or taking immunosuppressants, are more prone to meningitis.

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Why is vaccination crucial to prevent Meningitis?

Not having the recommended vaccinations, like the meningococcal vaccine, increases the risk of meningitis.

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How does close living relate to Meningitis?

Living in close quarters, like dorms or military barracks, increases the risk of meningitis.

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How does travel affect the risk of Meningitis?

Traveling to areas with high meningitis rates, like sub-Saharan Africa during the dry season, increases the risk.

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What medical conditions increase Meningitis risk?

Certain medical conditions, like sickle cell disease or cochlear implants, can make you more susceptible to meningitis.

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What are the symptoms of Meningitis?

Stiff neck, sensitivity to light, confusion, fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting are common symptoms.

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What are Kernig's and Brudzinski's signs?

Kernig's sign (pain with knee extension when hip is flexed) and Brudzinski's sign (hip and knee flexion when neck is flexed) are helpful diagnostic tests.

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