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Questions and Answers
Which type of spinal nerve fibers convey information from receptive endings in visceral structures, e.g. walls of blood vessels and GI tract?
Which type of spinal nerve fibers convey information from receptive endings in visceral structures, e.g. walls of blood vessels and GI tract?
Which cranial nerves contain axons from additional categories such as special sensory and branchiomeric muscles?
Which cranial nerves contain axons from additional categories such as special sensory and branchiomeric muscles?
Which category of nerve fibers refers to muscle tissue derived from pharyngeal arches?
Which category of nerve fibers refers to muscle tissue derived from pharyngeal arches?
Which type of fibers innervate skeletal muscle, i.e. the axons of alpha & gamma motor neurons?
Which type of fibers innervate skeletal muscle, i.e. the axons of alpha & gamma motor neurons?
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From which category of spinal nerves are axons also found in various cranial nerves?
From which category of spinal nerves are axons also found in various cranial nerves?
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Which type of fibers carry impulses from sensory receptors?
Which type of fibers carry impulses from sensory receptors?
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Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) innervates the muscles of mastication?
Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) innervates the muscles of mastication?
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Where do visceral motor fibers synapse outside the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
Where do visceral motor fibers synapse outside the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
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What is the function of postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
What is the function of postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
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Which type of fibers are responsible for transmitting general sensation?
Which type of fibers are responsible for transmitting general sensation?
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Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?
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How many odors can humans detect?
How many odors can humans detect?
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Where are olfactory receptor neurons located?
Where are olfactory receptor neurons located?
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What stimulates olfactory receptor neurons?
What stimulates olfactory receptor neurons?
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Where do axons of olfactory receptors end?
Where do axons of olfactory receptors end?
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What does the olfactory bulb receive axons from?
What does the olfactory bulb receive axons from?
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Which sensory information does flavor perception combine?
Which sensory information does flavor perception combine?
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What can result from conductive or sensorineural deficits related to smell?
What can result from conductive or sensorineural deficits related to smell?
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Study Notes
- Muscles of mastication are innervated by visceral motor axons, a part of the cranial outflow from the parasympathetic division of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS).
- Visceral motor fibers emerge from the brain and synapse outside the Central Nervous System (CNS) in a parasympathetic ganglion.
- Postganglionic fibers continue to innervate smooth muscles and glands, such as the pupillary sphincter and lacrimal gland.
- Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting both general sensation (afferent fibers) and motor function (efferent fibers).
- Sensory fibers carry information from the skin and mucous membranes, as well as from the viscera and special senses like taste and smell.
- The olfactory nerve (CNI) is a special sensory nerve responsible for the sense of smell.
- Humans can detect over a trillion odors, and odorants can reach the olfactory epithelium through the nostrils or oropharynx.
- Olfactory receptor neurons are true neurons located in the olfactory organ of the nasal cavity and are stimulated by odorants diffusing over the mucous layer.
- Axons of olfactory receptors are unmyelinated and thinnest in the CNS, collected into olfactory filaments, and end in the olfactory bulb.
- The olfactory bulb receives axons from the contralateral bulb and efferent fibers that regulate or tune sensitivity.
- Flavor perception combines auditory, taste, touch, and smell sensory information, with olfaction contributing during exhalation.
- Anosmia, or the loss of the sense of smell, can result from conductive or sensorineural deficits.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the classification of spinal nerve fibers, including sensory and motor functions related to visceral and somatic structures. Explore the different types of axon groupings entering or exiting the spinal cord.
