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Questions and Answers
What is the terminus point of the spinal cord in adults?
What is the terminus point of the spinal cord in adults?
- T12
- L1 or L2 (correct)
- S1
- C1
Which structure serves as a bridge of gray matter connecting the two sides of the spinal cord?
Which structure serves as a bridge of gray matter connecting the two sides of the spinal cord?
- Ventral horns
- Gray commissure (correct)
- Dorsal roots
- Filum terminale
What type of neurons are found in the lateral horns of the spinal cord?
What type of neurons are found in the lateral horns of the spinal cord?
- Interneurons
- Somatic motor neurons
- Sensory neurons
- Sympathetic neurons (correct)
Which defines the role of dorsal root ganglia in the spinal cord?
Which defines the role of dorsal root ganglia in the spinal cord?
Which of the following are ascending pathways in the spinal cord?
Which of the following are ascending pathways in the spinal cord?
What is the primary function of the ventral roots of the spinal cord?
What is the primary function of the ventral roots of the spinal cord?
What is the consequence of damage to dorsal roots or sensory tracts?
What is the consequence of damage to dorsal roots or sensory tracts?
Which layer of meninges is directly attached to the spinal cord?
Which layer of meninges is directly attached to the spinal cord?
Flashcards
Spinal Cord Length
Spinal Cord Length
The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to the L1 or L2 vertebrae.
Spinal Nerves
Spinal Nerves
There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal.
Spinal Cord Segments
Spinal Cord Segments
Spinal cord segments are named for the associated spinal nerves, but location of the spinal cord segments do not always match the vertebrae.
Dorsal Horns
Dorsal Horns
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Ventral Horns
Ventral Horns
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Ascending Pathways
Ascending Pathways
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Descending Pathways
Descending Pathways
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Paresthesia vs Paralysis
Paresthesia vs Paralysis
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Study Notes
Spinal Cord Review
- Extends from the foramen magnum to L1 or L2
- Dura, arachnoid, and pia mater extend past spinal cord to the sacrum
- Epidural space exists
- Cervical and lumbar enlargements evident
- Conus medullaris, filum terminale, cauda equina structures exist
- 31 pairs of spinal nerves (C1-C8, T1-T12, L1-L5, S1-S5, Co1)
- Spinal nerves are numbered according to the vertebra above, except C1-C7
- C8 is above T1
- Spinal cord segments aren't always aligned with corresponding vertebrae
- L5 spinal cord segment lies above L5 vertebra.
- Central canal contains CSF
- Dorsal horns receive somatic and visceral sensory input
- Ventral horns contain some interneurons and somatic motor neurons
- Lateral horns contain sympathetic neurons (only in thoracic and superior lumbar regions)
- Gray commissure connects masses of gray matter
- Ventral roots carry motor neuron axons
- Dorsal roots contain sensory neuron cell bodies (dorsal root ganglia)
- Spinal nerves form from fusion of dorsal and ventral roots
- White matter contains ascending, descending, and transverse pathways (information highway)
- Paresthesias are caused by damage to dorsal roots or sensory pathways
- Paralysis results from ventral root or ventral horn cell damage
- Two types of paralysis: flaccid and spastic
- Ascending pathways: 1st order neuron (receptor to cord/medulla), 2nd order neuron (cord/medulla to thalamus/cerebellum), 3rd order neuron (thalamus to cortex)
- Descending pathways initiate movement; direct pathways are analogous to a gas pedal; indirect pathways are analogous to brakes
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