Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of the spinal cord?
What is the primary role of the spinal cord?
- To facilitate communication between the brain and body (correct)
- To filter toxins from the blood
- To regulate body temperature
- To control the digestive system
Which level of spinal cord injury typically affects the muscles needed for breathing, potentially requiring ventilator support?
Which level of spinal cord injury typically affects the muscles needed for breathing, potentially requiring ventilator support?
- Cervical (correct)
- Lumbar
- Thoracic
- Sacral
What is the most frequent cause of traumatic spinal cord injuries?
What is the most frequent cause of traumatic spinal cord injuries?
- Falls
- Acts of violence
- Sports-related accidents
- Motor vehicle accidents (correct)
Which of the following is a non-traumatic cause of spinal cord injury?
Which of the following is a non-traumatic cause of spinal cord injury?
Approximately what percentage of people with spinal cord injuries are men?
Approximately what percentage of people with spinal cord injuries are men?
Pneumonia is the leading cause of death for individuals with spinal cord injuries. What condition is the second leading cause?
Pneumonia is the leading cause of death for individuals with spinal cord injuries. What condition is the second leading cause?
Which of the following is a primary effect of spinal cord injury?
Which of the following is a primary effect of spinal cord injury?
A patient with a spinal cord injury is experiencing a sudden onset of hypertension, bradycardia, and a severe headache. What condition is likely occurring?
A patient with a spinal cord injury is experiencing a sudden onset of hypertension, bradycardia, and a severe headache. What condition is likely occurring?
What is the immediate treatment for autonomic dysreflexia?
What is the immediate treatment for autonomic dysreflexia?
Which of the following exercise goals is most important for individuals with spinal cord injury?
Which of the following exercise goals is most important for individuals with spinal cord injury?
Before prescribing an exercise program for an individual with a spinal cord injury, what is the most important first step?
Before prescribing an exercise program for an individual with a spinal cord injury, what is the most important first step?
For individuals with lower extremity paralysis, strength training is crucial. Why?
For individuals with lower extremity paralysis, strength training is crucial. Why?
Which of the following exercise types is BEST for improving heart health and endurance in individuals with spinal cord injuries?
Which of the following exercise types is BEST for improving heart health and endurance in individuals with spinal cord injuries?
What is the primary benefit of regular stretching and range of motion exercises for individuals with spinal cord injuries?
What is the primary benefit of regular stretching and range of motion exercises for individuals with spinal cord injuries?
Which of the following pieces of equipment is specifically designed to provide body weight support during exercise, helping individuals with SCI to practice walking or other weight-bearing activities?
Which of the following pieces of equipment is specifically designed to provide body weight support during exercise, helping individuals with SCI to practice walking or other weight-bearing activities?
Which of the following refers to exercise equipment that uses electrical stimulation to activate paralyzed muscles during activity?
Which of the following refers to exercise equipment that uses electrical stimulation to activate paralyzed muscles during activity?
Which of the following is a key consideration when designing a cardiovascular training program for a patient with a spinal cord injury?
Which of the following is a key consideration when designing a cardiovascular training program for a patient with a spinal cord injury?
What is the main purpose of adapted exercise equipment for individuals with spinal cord injuries?
What is the main purpose of adapted exercise equipment for individuals with spinal cord injuries?
Which of the following is an example of an adapted exercise equipment?
Which of the following is an example of an adapted exercise equipment?
If a patient with a spinal cord injury needs to improve their ability to perform daily tasks that involve reaching and pulling, which type of adapted equipment would be MOST beneficial?
If a patient with a spinal cord injury needs to improve their ability to perform daily tasks that involve reaching and pulling, which type of adapted equipment would be MOST beneficial?
Which of the following is a potential benefit of using an exoskeleton for exercise in individuals with spinal cord injuries?
Which of the following is a potential benefit of using an exoskeleton for exercise in individuals with spinal cord injuries?
Why is strength training important for patients with spinal cord injuries?
Why is strength training important for patients with spinal cord injuries?
What does cardiovascular training do for patients with spinal cord injuries?
What does cardiovascular training do for patients with spinal cord injuries?
What do regular stretching and range of motion exercises do for patients with spinal cord injuries?
What do regular stretching and range of motion exercises do for patients with spinal cord injuries?
Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which the Alter G anti-gravity treadmill assists with rehabilitation?
Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which the Alter G anti-gravity treadmill assists with rehabilitation?
Following a spinal cord injury, what is the MOST likely reason for a patient to use a standing frame?
Following a spinal cord injury, what is the MOST likely reason for a patient to use a standing frame?
A physical therapist is working with a patient who has a spinal cord injury and limited hand function. To facilitate exercises targeting specific muscle groups, which type of adaptive equipment would be MOST useful?
A physical therapist is working with a patient who has a spinal cord injury and limited hand function. To facilitate exercises targeting specific muscle groups, which type of adaptive equipment would be MOST useful?
Which of the following would be a key focus when incorporating flexibility and range of motion exercises into a rehabilitation program for a patient with spinal cord injury?
Which of the following would be a key focus when incorporating flexibility and range of motion exercises into a rehabilitation program for a patient with spinal cord injury?
For an individual with a spinal cord injury at the T6 level, which of the following would be the MOST appropriate initial cardiovascular exercise prescription?
For an individual with a spinal cord injury at the T6 level, which of the following would be the MOST appropriate initial cardiovascular exercise prescription?
Compared to individuals without spinal cord injuries, what modification may be necessary when prescribing strength training exercises?
Compared to individuals without spinal cord injuries, what modification may be necessary when prescribing strength training exercises?
Which of the following is a crucial consideration when monitoring an individual with a spinal cord injury during exercise?
Which of the following is a crucial consideration when monitoring an individual with a spinal cord injury during exercise?
How might an exercise program assist in preventing a common secondary complication?
How might an exercise program assist in preventing a common secondary complication?
A physical therapist is designing an exercise program for a client with a spinal cord injury. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate way to engage the client in goal setting?
A physical therapist is designing an exercise program for a client with a spinal cord injury. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate way to engage the client in goal setting?
A client post spinal cord injury expresses concerns about participating in exercise due to fear of falling. Which of the following would be MOST appropriate intervention.
A client post spinal cord injury expresses concerns about participating in exercise due to fear of falling. Which of the following would be MOST appropriate intervention.
Flashcards
Spinal Cord Injury
Spinal Cord Injury
Damage to the spinal cord resulting in loss of function below the injury level.
Function of Spinal Cord
Function of Spinal Cord
The spinal cord acts as the communication mean between the brain and body, sending motor commands and sensory information.
SCI Impairment
SCI Impairment
Loss of function depends on the level of spinal cord injury: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral.
Traumatic SCI Causes
Traumatic SCI Causes
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Non-Traumatic SCI Causes
Non-Traumatic SCI Causes
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Primary SCI effects
Primary SCI effects
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Secondary SCI complications
Secondary SCI complications
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Autonomic Dysreflexia
Autonomic Dysreflexia
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SCI Exercise Goals
SCI Exercise Goals
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Exercise Program
Exercise Program
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Exercise Types for SCI
Exercise Types for SCI
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Strength Training (SCI)
Strength Training (SCI)
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Cardiovascular Training (SCI)
Cardiovascular Training (SCI)
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Flexibility and ROM (SCI)
Flexibility and ROM (SCI)
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Arm Cycle Ergometry
Arm Cycle Ergometry
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FES Cycle Ergometry
FES Cycle Ergometry
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FES Elliptical
FES Elliptical
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Zero G Body Weight
Zero G Body Weight
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Anti-Gravity treadmill
Anti-Gravity treadmill
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Exoskeleton
Exoskeleton
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Standing Frame
Standing Frame
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Study Notes
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
- SCI happens when the spinal cord, which communicates between the brain and body, is damaged.
- Motor commands travel from the motor cortex to muscles, while sensory information goes from afferent fibers to the sensory cortex via the spinal cord.
- Damage to the spinal cord results in loss of function below the injury level.
- Impairment from SCI depends on where the injury occurred.
- Injury can occur at the Cervical (neck) level.
- Injury can occur at the Thoracic (trunk) level.
- Injury can occur at the Lumbar (lower back) level.
- Injury can occur at the Sacral level.
Causes of SCI
- Traumatic SCI is most frequently caused by motor vehicle accidents which account for 36%.
- Violence accounts for 29% of traumatic SCI.
- Falls account for 22% of traumatic SCI.
- Sports account for 8% of traumatic SCI.
- Non-traumatic SCI can be caused by infection or tumor.
- Vascular malfunction is a cause of non-traumatic SCI.
- Non-traumatic SCI can be caused by multiple sclerosis, ALS, or Guillain Barre.
Patient Characteristics and Incidence Data
- 78% of SCI patients are men.
- Approximately 10,000 people survive SCI each year.
- The average age of a SCI patient is 43 years old.
- The total SCI population in the US ranges from 250,000–400,000 people.
- Approximately 17,000 new spinal cord injuries occur each year.
- The leading cause of death for SCI patients is pneumonia; ischemic heart disease is the second leading cause.
Primary Effects of SCI
- There is loss of motor control and spasms occur in muscles.
- Sensory loss occurs.
- Respiratory function is impaired.
- Bowel and bladder incontinence occurs.
- Sexual dysfunction occurs.
- Cardiovascular function is impaired.
- The ability to regulate temperature is impaired.
Secondary Complications of SCI
- Skin breakdown and respiratory complications can occur.
- Osteoporosis and DVTs (deep vein thrombosis) can occur.
- GI complications and pain can occur.
- Urinary tract infections, Orthostatic hypotension and autonomic dysreflexia can occur.
Autonomic Dysreflexia
- Autonomic dysreflexia is a pathologic autoimmune reflex in people with spinal cord injuries above T6.
- It involves an acute onset of autoimmune activity from noxious stimuli below the injury level.
- Symptoms of Autonomic Dysreflexia: hypertension, bradycardia, headache, profuse sweating, restlessness, spasms, congestion, goosebumps.
- Autonomic Dysreflexia is a life-threatening event.
- Treatment for Autonomic Dysreflexia: Sit the patient up, identify the cause, and remove the noxious stimuli.
Exercise Goals for Post Spinal Cord Injury
- Maintain and improve range of motion and strength.
- Maintain and improve endurance/cardiovascular system.
- Prevent medical complications.
- Improve self-confidence, body image, and well-being.
- Consult a physician to ensure medical clearance for the exercise program.
- Discuss individual goals and tailor the program to meet them.
Exercise Types
- Strength training
- Cardiovascular training
- Flexibility and range of motion
- Adapted exercise equipment.
Strength Training
- Resistance training helps maintain and build strength, crucial for upper body activities of daily living.
- Individuals with lower extremity paralysis need to rely on their arms for mobility, including transfers and wheelchair locomotion.
Cardiovascular Training
- Activities like arm cycling, wheelchair ergometry, swimming, and arm-powered cycling can improve heart health and endurance.
- It is important to monitor and use rate of perceived exertion scale.
Flexibility and range of motion.
- Regular stretching and range of motion exercises can prevent stiffness and joint contractures.
- Important areas to focus on include: shoulders, hamstrings, hip flexors and ankles
Adapted Exercise Equipment
- Arm cycle ergometry
- FES cycle ergometry or FES elliptical
- Zero G Body weight support system
- Alter G anti gravity treadmill
- Exoskeleton
- Standing frame
- Cable column with adapted exercise gloves
- Upper tone, Vita Glide and Rickshaw
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