Spermatogenesis and Spermiogenesis Process Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the process of formation of male and female gametes called?

  • Fertilization
  • Gametogenesis (correct)
  • Gastrulation
  • Embryogenesis
  • Where do the male gametes (sperm) form?

  • Fallopian tube
  • Ovary
  • Testis (correct)
  • Uterus
  • At what stage is the primary oocyte arrested during oogenesis?

  • Telophase of meiosis I
  • Prophase of meiosis I (correct)
  • Anaphase of meiosis I
  • Metaphase of meiosis I
  • How many oocytes are typically ovulated over a woman's lifetime?

    <p>400</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the female begin to undergo regular monthly cycles?

    <p>At puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first key stage of embryonic development covered in this lecture series?

    <p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does fertilization usually take place if healthy sperms are available?

    <p>Ampullary region of the uterine tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of fertilization in terms of chromosome number?

    <p>The zygote contains a new combination of chromosomes from both parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the fallopian tube does the fimbriae grasp the ovum and transport it into?

    <p>Ampullary region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which haploid round spermatids develop into streamlined spermatozoa?

    <p>Spermatogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the sex of the new individual determined at fertilization?

    <p>By a combination of chromosomes from both parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates cleavage following fertilization?

    <p>Initiation of cleavage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during oogenesis?

    <p>Primordial follicle → Primary oocyte → Secondary oocyte → First polar body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the hypothalamus in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>It secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to regulate the anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the secondary oocyte being arrested in metaphase II of meiosis?

    <p>It allows for the completion of meiosis upon fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the zona pellucida surrounding the secondary oocyte?

    <p>It protects the oocyte from enzymatic digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cumulus oophorus during ovulation?

    <p>It supports and protects the secondary oocyte during its release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for the secretory changes in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Progesterone (and estrogen)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following germ layers gives rise to the visceral peritoneum/pleura, connective tissue and smooth muscles of the gut?

    <p>Lateral plate mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which germ layer gives rise to the bones of the limbs and the parietal peritoneum/pleura?

    <p>Somatic mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the paraxial mesoderm migrates around the notochord and neural tube to form the vertebrae and facial skeleton?

    <p>Sclerotome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure provides sensory innervation to the dermatome of a body segment?

    <p>Neural crest cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure contributes to the development of the body wall (e.g. T4 segment) muscles?

    <p>T4 Myotome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which germ layer gives rise to the limb muscles?

    <p>Somatic mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is derived from the neuro-ectoderm?

    <p>Central Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A larger defect on the anterior part of the abdomen due to a defect around the umbilical cord leads to which condition?

    <p>Omphalocoele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the development of face and limb structures?

    <p>Neural Crest Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body is innervated by motor nerves developed from the neural tube's anterior horn?

    <p>Myotome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In limb development, what contributes to connective tissue in the limb bud?

    <p>Paraxial Mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Failure of mesodermal migration and defective fusion of body folds typically leads to which condition?

    <p>Omphalocoele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the embryonic flexion process?

    <p>Transformation of three flat discs into a cylindrical body shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue is NOT derived from neural crest cells?

    <p>Facial bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is innervated by dermatomes?

    <p>Enteric ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is NOT related to limb muscles?

    <p>Enteric ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is responsible for the lateral folding of the embryo?

    <p>Amnion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body is NOT affected by the differentiation of mesoderm during embryonic development?

    <p>Dorsal root ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the first stage of catabolism?

    <p>Breakdown of nutrient molecules into smaller units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key intermediate in the conversion of monosaccharides to acetyl-CoA?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glycolysis?

    <p>To produce ATP for cellular energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is associated with a deficiency in glycolytic enzymes?

    <p>Hemolytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which glucose is released from glycogen stores in the liver and muscle cells?

    <p>Glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key regulatory enzyme in glycolysis?

    <p>Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of glycogenolysis?

    <p>To provide energy for cellular processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic intermediate is a key regulator of the enzyme hexokinase in glycolysis?

    <p>Glucose-6-phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which clinical condition is glycolysis upregulated?

    <p>Cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metabolites is a product of glycolysis and can be converted to glucose through gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone plays a key role in regulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can result in increased lactate production?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metabolic pathways directly produces acetyl-CoA?

    <p>Both b and c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)?

    <p>Generate NADH and FADH2 for oxidative phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can lead to an accumulation of NADH, potentially driving the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reaction towards lactate formation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of glycogenolysis?

    <p>Provide glucose for glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metabolic intermediates is directly produced during glycolysis?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

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