fertilisation physiology
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of any structural or functional acrosomal abnormality impairing sperm fusion?

  • Increased fertility
  • No impact on fertility
  • Decreased fertility (correct)
  • Increased risk of multiple pregnancies

    • What is the role of cortical granules in the egg-sperm binding process?

  • Enhancement of sperm motility
  • Prevention of polyspermy (correct)
  • Stimulation of egg maturation
  • Facilitation of egg penetration

    • What can lead to a decreased effective block to polyspermy?

  • Reduced egg metabolism
  • Decreased sperm count
  • Aged ova (correct)
  • Low environmental temperature

    • What is the fate of embryos with triploidy in vitro?

    <p>They are discarded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of PLC-zeta in egg activation?

    <p>generating calcium (Ca2+) oscillations that induce egg activation and early embryonic development during mammalian fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate result of pronuclei fusion during fertilization?

    <p>Formation of the diploid zygote nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What follows the formation of the diploid zygote nucleus during fertilization?

    <p>Series of mitotic cell divisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of development following the 8-cell stage?

    <p>Morula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the development of the zygote?

    <p>Embryology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the stages of development following the 2-cell stage?

    <p>4-cell stage, 8-cell stage, Morula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of excessive sperm numbers at the site of fertilization?

    <p>Increased chance of polyspermy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the breakdown of the nuclear envelope during pronuclei fusion?

    <p>Formation of a circle of small vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site for the capacitation of sperm?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the absolute requirement for capacitation changes in sperm?

    <p>Biochemical changes to sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following glycoproteins is NOT essential for fertilization?

    <p>ZP1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Zona Pellucida (ZP) in sperm-egg binding?

    <p>Prevention of polyspermy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the evidence demonstrating sperm capacitation from the early IVF experiments?

    <p>Fertilization occurred when ejaculated sperm were added to uterine fluid and then added to an oocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the release of acrosomal contents via exocytosis in the sperm-egg binding process?

    <p>Progesterone binding to receptors on ZP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are sperm deposited and how do they travel to the site of fertilization?

    <p>Vagina and travel to tubal ampulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ovarian steroids in sperm transport?

    <p>Increase uterine contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for sperm-egg binding and induction of acrosomal reaction?

    <p>Heterocomplexes of ZP3 and ZP4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the activation of Zona Pellucida receptors (ZP) on the cell surface of the sperm?

    <p>Increased cAMP and PKA activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site for the production of sperm?

    <p>Seminiferous tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Zona Pellucida (ZP) in the sperm-egg binding process?

    <p>Prevention of polyspermy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cortical granules in the egg-sperm binding process?

    <p>Prevention of polyspermy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate result of pronuclei fusion during fertilization?

    <p>Formation of the diploid zygote nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of excessive sperm numbers at the site of fertilization?

    <p>Increased chance of polyspermy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of any structural or functional acrosomal abnormality impairing sperm fusion?

    <p>Infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of PLC-zeta in egg activation?

    <p>Induction of intracellular calcium release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of embryos with triploidy in vitro?

    <p>Discarded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What follows the formation of the diploid zygote nucleus during fertilization?

    <p>Cleavage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site for the production of sperm?

    <p>Testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Zona Pellucida (ZP) in the sperm-egg binding process?

    <p>Activation of Zona Pellucida receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the evidence demonstrating sperm capacitation from the early IVF experiments?

    <p>Increased fertilization potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of development following the 8-cell stage?

    <p>Morula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site for the capacitation of sperm?

    <p>Fallopian tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of capacitation in sperm?

    <p>Increase in pH within the sperm and activation of Zona Pellucida receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Zona Pellucida glycoproteins ZP3 and ZP4 in the sperm-egg binding process?

    <p>Responsible for sperm-egg binding and induction of acrosomal reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the release of acrosomal contents via exocytosis in the sperm-egg binding process?

    <p>Calcium-mediated signal transduction cascade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate result of pronuclei fusion during fertilization?

    <p>Formation of the diploid zygote nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site for the production of sperm?

    <p>Seminiferous tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of excessive sperm numbers at the site of fertilization?

    <p>Increased likelihood of polyspermy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of embryos with triploidy in vitro?

    <p>Developmental arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ovarian steroids in sperm transport?

    <p>Influence uterine contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the development of the zygote?

    <p>Embryology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cortical granules in the egg-sperm binding process?

    <p>Prevention of polyspermy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What follows the formation of the diploid zygote nucleus during fertilization?

    <p>Developmental stages leading to blastocyst formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of PLC-zeta in egg activation?

    <p>Induces intracellular calcium oscillations</p> Signup and view all the answers

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