fertilisation physiology

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Questions and Answers

What is the result of any structural or functional acrosomal abnormality impairing sperm fusion?

  • Increased fertility
  • No impact on fertility
  • Decreased fertility (correct)
  • Increased risk of multiple pregnancies

What is the role of cortical granules in the egg-sperm binding process?

  • Enhancement of sperm motility
  • Prevention of polyspermy (correct)
  • Stimulation of egg maturation
  • Facilitation of egg penetration

What can lead to a decreased effective block to polyspermy?

  • Reduced egg metabolism
  • Decreased sperm count
  • Aged ova (correct)
  • Low environmental temperature

What is the fate of embryos with triploidy in vitro?

<p>They are discarded (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of PLC-zeta in egg activation?

<p>generating calcium (Ca2+) oscillations that induce egg activation and early embryonic development during mammalian fertilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate result of pronuclei fusion during fertilization?

<p>Formation of the diploid zygote nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What follows the formation of the diploid zygote nucleus during fertilization?

<p>Series of mitotic cell divisions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of development following the 8-cell stage?

<p>Morula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the development of the zygote?

<p>Embryology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the stages of development following the 2-cell stage?

<p>4-cell stage, 8-cell stage, Morula (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of excessive sperm numbers at the site of fertilization?

<p>Increased chance of polyspermy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the breakdown of the nuclear envelope during pronuclei fusion?

<p>Formation of a circle of small vesicles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site for the capacitation of sperm?

<p>Epididymis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the absolute requirement for capacitation changes in sperm?

<p>Biochemical changes to sperm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following glycoproteins is NOT essential for fertilization?

<p>ZP1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Zona Pellucida (ZP) in sperm-egg binding?

<p>Prevention of polyspermy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the evidence demonstrating sperm capacitation from the early IVF experiments?

<p>Fertilization occurred when ejaculated sperm were added to uterine fluid and then added to an oocyte (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the release of acrosomal contents via exocytosis in the sperm-egg binding process?

<p>Progesterone binding to receptors on ZP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are sperm deposited and how do they travel to the site of fertilization?

<p>Vagina and travel to tubal ampulla (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ovarian steroids in sperm transport?

<p>Increase uterine contractility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for sperm-egg binding and induction of acrosomal reaction?

<p>Heterocomplexes of ZP3 and ZP4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the activation of Zona Pellucida receptors (ZP) on the cell surface of the sperm?

<p>Increased cAMP and PKA activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site for the production of sperm?

<p>Seminiferous tubules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Zona Pellucida (ZP) in the sperm-egg binding process?

<p>Prevention of polyspermy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cortical granules in the egg-sperm binding process?

<p>Prevention of polyspermy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate result of pronuclei fusion during fertilization?

<p>Formation of the diploid zygote nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of excessive sperm numbers at the site of fertilization?

<p>Increased chance of polyspermy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of any structural or functional acrosomal abnormality impairing sperm fusion?

<p>Infertility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of PLC-zeta in egg activation?

<p>Induction of intracellular calcium release (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of embryos with triploidy in vitro?

<p>Discarded (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What follows the formation of the diploid zygote nucleus during fertilization?

<p>Cleavage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site for the production of sperm?

<p>Testes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Zona Pellucida (ZP) in the sperm-egg binding process?

<p>Activation of Zona Pellucida receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the evidence demonstrating sperm capacitation from the early IVF experiments?

<p>Increased fertilization potential (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of development following the 8-cell stage?

<p>Morula (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site for the capacitation of sperm?

<p>Fallopian tubes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of capacitation in sperm?

<p>Increase in pH within the sperm and activation of Zona Pellucida receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Zona Pellucida glycoproteins ZP3 and ZP4 in the sperm-egg binding process?

<p>Responsible for sperm-egg binding and induction of acrosomal reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the release of acrosomal contents via exocytosis in the sperm-egg binding process?

<p>Calcium-mediated signal transduction cascade (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate result of pronuclei fusion during fertilization?

<p>Formation of the diploid zygote nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site for the production of sperm?

<p>Seminiferous tubules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of excessive sperm numbers at the site of fertilization?

<p>Increased likelihood of polyspermy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of embryos with triploidy in vitro?

<p>Developmental arrest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ovarian steroids in sperm transport?

<p>Influence uterine contractility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the development of the zygote?

<p>Embryology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cortical granules in the egg-sperm binding process?

<p>Prevention of polyspermy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What follows the formation of the diploid zygote nucleus during fertilization?

<p>Developmental stages leading to blastocyst formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of PLC-zeta in egg activation?

<p>Induces intracellular calcium oscillations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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