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Questions and Answers
What is the primary (fast) block to prevent polyspermy?
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Which event triggers the acrosome reaction in sperm?
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What initiates embryonic development in the fertilized egg?
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What is the function of ZP3 in the zona pellucida during fertilization?
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What initiates a change in the egg cell surface, preventing the entry of other sperm during fertilization?
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Study Notes
Fertilization Mechanisms
- The primary block to prevent polyspermy is the fast block, which is the depolarization of the egg's plasma membrane.
Acrosome Reaction
- The acrosome reaction in sperm is triggered by the binding of sperm to the zona pellucida, specifically to the ZP3 protein.
Embryonic Development
- The fertilization of the egg by a sperm initiates embryonic development in the fertilized egg.
ZP3 Function
- ZP3, a protein in the zona pellucida, serves as a receptor for sperm binding, initiating the acrosome reaction and subsequently, fertilization.
Prevention of Polyspermy
- The fertilization of the egg triggers a change in the egg cell surface, preventing the entry of other sperm and ensuring monospermy during fertilization.
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Description
Capacitation and Activation: Sperm undergoes activation through the acrosome reaction after capacitation. Prevention of Polyspermy:
Primary (Fast) Block: Depolarization of the plasma membrane. Secondary (Slow) Block: Cortical reaction involving Ca2+ increase, exocytosis of granules, and modification of zona pellucida.
Zona Pellucida (ZP): Glycoproteins: ZP1, ZP2, ZP3. ZP3 interaction with sperm triggers acrosomal reaction.
Fertilization Process: Sperm-egg interaction increases cytosolic Ca2+. Ca2+ wave prevents entry of other sperm and initiates embryonic development.
