Martin Joos Speech Style: Understanding the Five Styles

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Questions and Answers

What are the five types of speech styles according to Martin Joos?

Frozen, Formal, Consultative, Casual, Intimate

Give an example of a situation where frozen style speech is commonly used.

Shakespearean plays

What is a characteristic of formal style speech?

Uses formal words and expressions, disallows ellipsis and contractions

Describe consultative style of speech.

Unplanned speech where the speaker involves the listener, provides background information Signup and view all the answers

When is casual style speech typically used?

Between friends or insiders who have things to share Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes intimate style of speech?

Economy of words, high chance of nonverbal communication Signup and view all the answers

Which speech style uses complex grammatical structures and vocabulary known by experts in the field?

Frozen style Signup and view all the answers

In which type of speech style is listener participation continuous?

Consultative style Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of casual style speech?

Free and easy participation of both speaker and listener Signup and view all the answers

Which speech style is often used in formal ceremonies like Shakespearean plays and funerals?

Frozen style Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of formal speech style?

Disallows ellipsis and contractions Signup and view all the answers

In which speech style does the listener participate continuously?

Consultative style Signup and view all the answers

Which speech style typically involves an economy of words and a high chance of nonverbal communication?

Consultative style Signup and view all the answers

Which speech style is described by using formal words and expressions and is mostly seen in writing rather than speaking?

Formal style Signup and view all the answers

What is a common situation where casual style speech is typically used?

Between friends or insiders Signup and view all the answers

Which speech style uses the highest form of communicative style with complex grammatical structures and vocabulary known by experts in the field?

Frozen style Signup and view all the answers

In which type of speech does the speaker supply background information while the listener participates continuously?

Consultative Style Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Intimate Style from other speech styles?

Economy of words Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Speech Style

Refers to the form of language used by a speaker, characterized by the level of formality.
Identified into five types by Martin Joos (1976): frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate.

Five Types of Speech Style

Frozen Style: highest form of communicative style, used in respectful situations or formal ceremonies (e.g. Shakespearean plays, weddings, funerals).
Uses complex grammatical sentence structure and vocabulary known only by experts in the field.
Formal Style: uses formal words and expressions, mostly seen in writing rather than speaking.
Disallows the use of ellipsis, contractions, and qualifying modal adverbials.
Consultative Style: third level of language, characterized by unplanned speech with speaker participation and feedback from the listener.
Speaker supplies background information, while the listener participates continuously.
Casual Style: also known as informal style, used between friends or insiders who have things to share.
Characterized by free and easy participation of both speaker and listener.
Intimate Style: used in talks between two very close individuals, described by an economy of words, with a high chance of nonverbal communication.

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Description

Learn about the five speech styles identified by linguist Martin Joos: frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate. Understand how each style varies in formality and usage in different situations.