Questions and Answers
What is characterized as an utterance made without intention to convey meaning?
Which category of illocution includes thanking and apologizing?
What type of speech act commits the speaker to an action in the future?
Which of the following is NOT considered a type of illocutionary act?
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What results from an illocutionary act dependent on context?
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Which category of illocution includes actions like commanding or requesting?
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What is the primary function of a declarative illocution?
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What type of act occurs when a speaker's statement leads to an addressee taking action?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of an assertive act?
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What distinguishes a propositional act from an utterance act?
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Which type of communication involves at least three but not more than twelve people?
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What is the primary purpose of public communication that aims to convince an audience?
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In which context does dyad communication occur?
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When a speaker delivers information intended to keep the public informed, what is the purpose of this public communication?
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What example fits the goal of public communication to entertain?
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What type of communication facilitates a two-way interaction to build relationships?
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Which speech style is characterized by the absence of inhibitions and is often observed among close relationships?
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What differentiates the formal speech style from the consultative speech style?
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In which speech style would participants likely use group language to hide meanings from outsiders?
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Which act refers to the act of producing a meaningful utterance, as defined in speech act theory?
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The frozen speech style is most likely to be used in which of the following situations?
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Which type of speech act focuses on the speaker’s intended meaning behind the utterance?
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What is the primary purpose of a consultative speech style?
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What does J.L. Austin's Speech Act Theory describe about every utterance?
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Study Notes
Speech Style
- Affects interaction levels in communication; varies from informal to formal speech.
- Martin Joos categorizes speech styles into five types: intimate, casual, consultative, formal, and frozen.
Intimate Speech
- Characterized by the absence of inhibitions; often seen among close relationships.
Casual Speech
- Involves relaxed dialogue; may include group-specific language to obscure meaning from outsiders.
Consultative Speech
- Focuses on relationship building and understanding; involves active listening and attention to non-verbal cues.
- Aims for mutual solutions and values engagement from both parties.
Formal Speech
- Distinguished by minimal listener participation; common in structured settings or presentations.
Frozen Speech
- Also known as oratorical style; the most formal speech type, used in significant events like court proceedings or religious ceremonies.
Speech Acts
- Defined as utterances intended to achieve specific effects through communication.
- J.L. Austin's Speech Act Theory identifies three types: locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary.
Locutionary Acts
- Involve producing meaningful utterances; categorized into utterance acts (without intentional meaning) and propositional acts (referring to or identifying something).
Illocutionary Acts
- Represent the intended meaning behind an utterance; classified into five categories:
- Expressive: Convey emotions or attitudes (e.g., apologizing).
- Declarations: Change situations upon utterance (e.g., appointing).
- Assertives: Provide information (e.g., stating facts).
- Directives: Prompt the addressee to act (e.g., requesting).
- Commisives: Commit the speaker to future actions (e.g., promising).
Perlocutionary Acts
- Impact on the addressee’s behavior, thoughts, or feelings as a result of the utterance.
Types of Interpersonal Communication
- Dyad Communication: Involves communication between two individuals; e.g., comforting a friend.
- Small Group Communication: Engages three to twelve people in face-to-face interactions for goal achievement; promotes idea sharing.
- Public Communication: Involves delivering messages to a large audience, aimed at informing, entertaining, persuading, or interacting.
Purposes of Public Communication
- To Inform: Share knowledge or facts.
- To Entertain: Engage and amuse the audience.
- To Persuade: Influence opinions and behaviors.
- To Interact: Foster dialogue and build relationships with the audience.
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Description
Explore the different types of speech styles as identified by linguist Martin Joos in his book 'The Five Clocks'. This quiz will guide you through the intimate, casual, consultative, formal, and frozen styles of communication. Understand how each style reflects the level of formality in interactions.
