Speech Sound Disorders Chapter 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe any difficulty or combination of difficulties with perception, motor production, or phonological representation of speech sounds and speech segments?

Language development disorders

Phonological disorders

Speech language disorders

Speech sound disorders (correct)

What is the term used to describe speech errors that are common in young children learning to speak?

Speech sound disorders

Deviant errors

Delayed errors (correct)

Phonological errors

What is the main difference between organic and functional speech sound disorders?

Organic speech sound disorders are mild, while functional speech sound disorders are severe

Organic speech sound disorders are idiopathic, while functional speech sound disorders have a known cause

Organic speech sound disorders result from an underlying motor/neurological, structural, or sensory/perceptual cause, while functional speech sound disorders are idiopathic (correct)

Organic speech sound disorders affect children, while functional speech sound disorders affect adults

Why are speech sound disorders important to address in children?

They can affect communication and literacy development Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of evidence involved in Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)?

Best Available External Evidence, Best Available Internal Evidence, and Patient Preferences Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe unusual speech errors that are not typical in children's speech development?

Deviant errors Signup and view all the answers

What is closely linked to children's literacy skills, according to research?

Phonological awareness Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of not addressing speech sound disorders in children?

Difficulties in reading and writing later on Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the physical act of producing sounds with our speech organs?

Motor Production Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the smallest unit of sound that may cause a change of meaning within a language?

Phoneme Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a variation of a phoneme that does not change word meaning?

Allophone Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transcription is more detailed and shows variations within phonemes?

Phonetic Transcription Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the smallest meaningful unit of language?

Morpheme Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a morpheme that can exist on its own?

Free Morpheme Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of morphemes?

Morphology Signup and view all the answers

What type of allophonic variation occurs when allophones appear in the same environment?

Free Variation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

ASHA's Definition of Speech Sound Disorders

Speech sound disorders refer to difficulties with perception, motor production, or phonological representation of speech sounds and segments.
These disorders can be organic (resulting from an underlying motor/neurological, structural, or sensory/perceptual cause) or functional (idiopathic, with no known cause).
Speech sound disorders can range from mild (e.g., a lisp) to severe, where the person is completely unintelligible.

Describing Sound Errors in Children

Delay: Refers to common speech errors seen in young children learning to speak (e.g., lisps, trouble with /r/).
Deviant: Refers to unusual errors not typical in children's speech development (e.g., lateralization of /s/, backing of sounds that should be at the front, vowel errors).

Importance of Speech Sound Disorders

Communication: Speech sound disorders affect communication.
Literacy Development: Research shows that children's phonological awareness (manipulating sounds in words) is closely linked to their literacy skills (learning to read and spell).

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)

Definition: EBP involves integrating three types of evidence: best available external evidence (research from systematic studies), best available internal evidence (data from clinical practice), and patient preferences (considering what fully informed patients prefer).

Two Perspectives on Speech Sounds

Motor Production (Speech): Refers to the physical act of producing sounds with speech organs.
Units of Meaning (Language): When sounds are part of the language system and help create meaning, they are called phonemes.

Phonemic vs. Phonetic Transcription

Phonemic Transcription: Uses symbols to represent phonemes and is less detailed (e.g., /p/).
Phonetic Transcription: More detailed and shows variations within phonemes (e.g., [p] can have different sounds like released or unreleased).

Allophones

Allophones are different versions of the same phoneme that do not change word meaning.
Examples: /p/ in "pop" can be pronounced with or without a burst of air.

Types of Allophonic Variation

Complementary Distribution: Allophones appear in different environments and do not overlap (e.g., front and back /k/ sounds).
Free Variation: Allophones can appear in the same environment (e.g., released vs. unreleased /p/ in "pop").

Main Components of Language

Phonemes: Smallest unit of sound that may cause a change of meaning within a language.
Morphemes: Smallest meaningful unit of language, combined to produce meaningful units (words).
Free Morphemes: Individual words that can exist on their own (e.g., eat, water).
Bound Morphemes: Prefixes, suffixes, or other linguistic pieces that must be attached to another word to have meaning (e.g., -s, re-).
Morphology: Study of morphemes.

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Description

This quiz covers the definition and types of speech sound disorders, including organic and functional causes. Learn about perception, motor production, and phonological representation of speech sounds.