Spectroscopy Techniques Overview

Study Notes

Involves absorption of X-rays by atoms, leading to ejection of core electrons.
Photoelectron waves scatter off neighboring atoms, creating interference patterns.
Provides insights into local atomic structure, bond lengths, and coordination numbers.
Identifies neighboring atom types, useful for disordered or amorphous materials.
Typical applications include studying metal complexes, catalysts, and local chemical environments.

Based on magnetic properties of certain atomic nuclei such as hydrogen-1 and carbon-13.
Nuclei absorb electromagnetic radiation when placed in a magnetic field.
Resonance frequency analysis reveals information on chemical structures and molecular dynamics.
Offers insights into atomic bonding and spatial arrangements within molecules.
Commonly applied in organic chemistry, biochemistry, and medical imaging (MRI).

Based on inelastic scattering of light, primarily from lasers.
Interaction with molecules leads to energy shifts indicating vibrational and rotational modes.
Provides chemical composition, structural information, and data on molecular interactions.
Non-destructive method applicable to both crystalline and amorphous materials.
Commonly used for identifying molecular structures and analyzing biological tissues.

Energy Source: EXAFS uses X-rays; NMR utilizes radio waves; Raman employs visible or near-infrared light.
Target: EXAFS focuses on local atomic environments, particularly metals; NMR targets magnetic nuclei; Raman examines molecular vibrations.
Information Type: EXAFS offers data on local atomic structures; NMR provides details on molecular structures and dynamics; Raman gives insights into vibrational modes and chemical compositions.
Sample Types: EXAFS can analyze solids, liquids, or amorphous materials; NMR is typically for liquids and solids; Raman spectroscopy applies to solids, liquids, and gases.
Common Uses: EXAFS is often applied in coordination chemistry and materials science; NMR is used for studying organic molecules and biomolecules; Raman is utilized across chemistry, biology, and materials science.

The potential for being destructive or non-destructive depends on the sample's interaction with the energy source and integrity after analysis, which varies among the techniques.