Specific Toxicity Treatments Quiz

Specific Toxicity Treatments

• Acetaminophen: Treatment involves N-acetylcysteine.
• AChE inhibitors/organophosphates: Treatment involves atropine followed by pralidoxime.
• Antimuscarinic/anticholinergic agents: Treatment includes physostigmine which can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to control hyperthermia.
• Arsenic: Treatment involves dimercaprol and succimer.
• Benzodiazepines: Treatment involves flumazenil.
• Beta-blockers: No specific treatment mentioned.
• Carbon monoxide: Treatment involves hyperbaric oxygen (100% O2).
• Copper: Treatment includes "penny" cillamine (penicillamine), trientine, or a combination of substances using three copper pennies.
• Cyanide: Treatment uses hydroxocobalamin, nitrites, and sodium thiosulfate.
• Dabigatran: Treatment is idarucizumab.
• Digoxin: Treatment involves digoxin-specific antibody fragments.
• Direct Factor Xa inhibitors (e.g., apixaban): Treatment includes andexanet alfa.
• Heparin: Treatment involves protamine sulfate.
• Iron (Fe): Treatment uses deferoxamine, deferasirox, or deferiprone.
• Lead: Treatment involves penicillamine, calcium disodium EDTA, dimercaprol, and succimer.
• Mercury: Treatment involves dimercaprol and succimer combined with fomepizole and dialysis.
• Methanol/ethylene glycol: Treatment involves fomepizole followed by ethanol and dialysis.
• Methemoglobin: Treatment uses methylene blue and vitamin C.
• Methotrexate: Treatment uses leucovorin.
• Opioids: Treatment involves naloxone.
• Salicylates: Treatment isn't explicitly listed but could involve sodium bicarbonate to adjust urine pH.
• TCAs: Treatment isn't explicitly listed.
• Warfarin: Treatment involves vitamin K (delayed) or prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) or FFP (immediate effect).

Drug Reactions—Cardiovascular

• Coronary vasospasm: Causal agents include cocaine, amphetamines, sumatriptan, and ergot alkaloids.
• Cutaneous flushing: Causal agents involve vancomycin, adenosine, niacin, calcium channel blockers, and echinocandins. Vancomycin infusion reactions exhibit widespread erythematous rash; managing involves using diphenhydramine for symptomatic relief.
• Dilated cardiomyopathy: Causal agents involve alcohol, anthracyclines, preventing with dexrazoxane and trastuzumab.
• Torsades de pointes: This involves agents that prolong the QT interval, including methadone, antiarrhythmics (class IA, III), antibiotics, antipsychotics, antidepressants (TCAs), antiemetics, and antifungals.