Opioid Toxicity and Antidotes

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What is the antidote for opioid intoxication?

Physostigmine

Pralidoxime

Naloxone (correct)

Fomepizole

What is the effect of methanol and ethylene glycol on the body?

They cause respiratory depression

They lead to metabolic acidosis (correct)

They have a mixed agonist/antagonist effect

They produce a cholinergic crisis

What is the mechanism of action of Acetylcholine?

It inhibits AChE, leading to increased ACh levels (correct)

It has a mixed agonist/antagonist effect

It activates AChE, leading to decreased ACh levels

It blocks the mu-opioid receptor

What is the treatment for organophosphate poisoning?

Pralidoxime (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of opioid antagonists on the body?

They reverse opioid overdose (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the adverse effect of methanol metabolism?

Blindness (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cholestyramine on digoxin absorption?

Decreased absorption (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?

Binds to alpha and gamma units at GABA receptor (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the antidote for benzodiazepine overdose?

Flumazenil (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treatment in barbiturate overdose?

Supportive care with alpha agonists (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the combination of factors that can lead to Reye's syndrome?

Child + ASA + Fever (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning?

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of Atropine in the PNS?

Inhibits saliva production (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of NAPQI on the liver?

Causes hepatic necrosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Theophylline on histamine levels?

Decreases histamine levels (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glutathione in paracetamol metabolism?

It is an antioxidant that reduces NAPQI (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vitamin K in blood coagulation?

It is necessary for the synthesis of clotting factors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the use of protamine sulfate in bleeding disorders?

It is used to treat bleeding due to heparin overdose (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of sodium nitrite in treating cyanide poisoning?

Converts hemoglobin to methemoglobin and displaces cyanide from cytochrome oxidase (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antidotes is specifically used to treat iron poisoning?

Deferoxamine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease caused by copper toxicity?

Wilson's Disease (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of gastric lavage in treating poisoning?

To remove the toxin from the stomach (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antidotes is known as the universal antidote?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease caused by manganese toxicity?

Pseudoparkinsonism (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Digoxin on the heart?

Increases Na+/K+ ATPase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Digoxin toxicity?

Digibind (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Heparin on platelet levels?

Decreases platelet levels (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of N-acetylcysteine?

Restores glutathione levels (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Isoniazid on the liver?

Causes hepatotoxicity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Esmolol?

Manages tachyarrhythmias (B) Signup and view all the answers