Specific Learning Disorder Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of speech sound disorders?

  • Challenges in speech sound production (correct)
  • Difficulty in language comprehension
  • Problems with reading fluency
  • Issues related to emotional expression

Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic criterion for childhood-onset fluency disorder?

  • Inability to write in complete sentences (correct)
  • Presence of physical tension while speaking
  • Onset of symptoms in early developmental period
  • Disturbances in normal fluency and time patterning

What must be ruled out when diagnosing speech sound disorders?

  • Emotional disturbances
  • Sensory impairments (correct)
  • Language delay
  • Learning disabilities

Which symptom is characteristic of childhood-onset fluency disorder?

<p>Substituting words to avoid problematic ones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can contribute to limitations in communication but is excluded from the criteria for speech sound disorders?

<p>Cleft palate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of disturbances in childhood-onset fluency disorder?

<p>Heightened anxiety about speaking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of speech is primarily affected by speech sound disorders?

<p>Speech intelligibility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hallmark symptom of speech sound disorders?

<p>Distorted or unclear speech sounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a Language Disorder according to its diagnostic criteria?

<p>Persistent difficulties in language acquisition and use due to comprehension or production deficits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic criterion for Language Disorder?

<p>Total inability to form sentences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is most indicative of the severity of a communication disorder?

<p>The extent to which difficulties impact daily functioning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication disorder is characterized by disruptions in fluency such as stuttering?

<p>Childhood-onset fluency disorder. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes Social Communication Disorder?

<p>Difficulties using verbal and nonverbal communication in social settings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For Language Disorder to be diagnosed, when must symptoms generally onset?

<p>In the early developmental period. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of Speech Sound Disorders?

<p>Trouble producing speech sounds correctly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the purpose of accommodations for individuals with severe learning difficulties?

<p>They help individuals maximize their efficiency in completing activities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of social communication disorder?

<p>Deficits in using communication appropriately for social contexts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of difficulty can result from social communication disorder?

<p>Making inferences and interpreting idiomatic expressions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criteria must be met for a diagnosis of social communication disorder?

<p>Deficits resulting in functional limitations in various domains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a limitation when assessing for social communication disorder?

<p>Symptoms can be attributed to other mental disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the nature of persistent difficulties in social communication disorder?

<p>They include difficulties with both verbal and nonverbal signals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a functional limitation associated with social communication disorder?

<p>Increased ability to interpret humor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do symptoms of social communication disorder typically onset?

<p>In early developmental period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are communication changes related to context significant in social communication disorder?

<p>People with this disorder may struggle to adapt language based on the setting. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Speech Sound Disorders

Difficulties with sounds, affecting how speech is made, understood, or represented.

Speech Intelligibility

How well other people can understand someone's speech.

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder

A communication disorder where speech flow and timing are affected.

Sound Repetitions

Repeating sounds or syllables in speech.

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Sound Prolongations

Holding sounds or vowels for longer than normal.

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Broken Words

Pauses within a word while speaking.

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Circumlocutions

Using longer word substitutes to avoid hard words.

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Speech Anxiety

Fear or worry about speaking.

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Communication Disorder

Any disorder that affects an individual's ability to use and understand language and speech effectively.

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Language Disorder

Persistent difficulties in understanding or producing language, affecting vocabulary, sentence structure, and conversations.

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Social Communication Disorder

Difficulty with using language in social situations, understanding social cues, and engaging in conversations.

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What are the 4 types of communication disorders?

The four types of communication disorders are Language Disorder, Speech Sound Disorders, Social Communication Disorder, and Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder.

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What are the main criteria for a Language Disorder?

The main criteria for a language disorder include: 1) Persistent difficulties in language acquisition and use, 2) Language skills significantly below age expectations, leading to communication challenges, 3) Early onset during development.

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What is the impact of a communication disorder?

Communication disorders can significantly impact an individual's ability to communicate effectively, participate socially, succeed academically, or function in the workplace.

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What are the defining characteristics of Social Communication Disorder (SCD)?

SCD is characterized by persistent difficulties in using verbal and nonverbal communication for social purposes. This includes deficits in using communication for social purposes, adapting communication to context, following conversation rules, and understanding implicit meaning.

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How does SCD affect communication?

SCD leads to limitations in effective communication, social participation, social relationships, academic achievement, and occupational performance.

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What is the onset of SCD?

Symptoms of SCD typically appear in early development, although the full impact may not be noticeable until social communication demands increase beyond their limited capacities.

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What is meant by deficits in using communication for social purposes in SCD?

People with SCD struggle to use communication effectively in social situations. This includes difficulties in greeting others, sharing information, and engaging in appropriate social conversation.

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How does SCD affect communication adaptations?

Individuals with SCD face challenges in adapting their communication style to different situations and audiences. For example, they may struggle to modify their speech for a classroom setting compared to a playground.

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How does SCD impact conversational rules and storytelling?

People with SCD often struggle with following conversational rules, such as taking turns, rephrasing when misunderstood, and using verbal and nonverbal cues to manage interactions. They may have difficulties with storytelling, adhering to narrative structure and understanding audience engagement.

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What does it mean to understand implicit meaning in SCD?

Individuals with SCD often find it difficult to understand information that is not explicitly stated. This includes deciphering inferences, nonliteral language like idioms and metaphors, and ambiguous meanings depending on the context.

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Study Notes

Specific Learning Disorder

  • Characterized by deficits in perceiving or processing information accurately and efficiently during school-age, potentially lasting into adulthood.
  • Problems can manifest in reading, writing, and/or math, affecting overall learning ability.
  • Persistence and impairment are key diagnostic criteria, meaning the difficulty must exist consistently and impact the individual's functioning.

Diagnostic Criteria for Specific Learning Disorders

  • Difficulties in academic skills (reading, writing, or math) lasting at least 6 months, despite interventions.
    • Reading: Inaccurate or slow word reading, effortful reading, guessing words, difficulty sounding out words. Inaccurate comprehension of text read, even if read accurately.
    • Writing: Difficulties with spelling (omissions, additions, substitutions of letters/phonemes). Multiple grammatical/punctuation errors; poor paragraph organization; unclear expression of ideas in writing.
    • Math: Poor number sense, inability to understand number relationships or magnitude; difficulties with arithmetic computation and calculation techniques; counting on fingers instead of using mental math where applicable. Trouble applying math facts or concepts.
  • Affected academic skills significantly below expected levels for the individual's age.
  • The learning difficulties typically begin during school-age but may not always be noted immediately due to varying demands on the individual's learning capacity.
  • Not better explained by other conditions (intellectual disabilities, sensory impairments, or inadequate instruction).

Additional Information

  • Dyslexia is an alternative term that can be used to indicate a pattern of difficulty with word recognition, decoding, and spelling.
  • Dyscalculia is an alternative term referring to difficulties with numerical processing, arithmetic facts, and calculations.
  • Severity of difficulties can be categorized as mild, moderate, or severe, affecting a student's need for varying supports and accommodations.
  • Individuals with learning disabilities may need support in the school, workplace, or at home depending on the severity.

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Description

This quiz covers the key characteristics and diagnostic criteria for Specific Learning Disorder. It focuses on the challenges faced in reading, writing, and math during the school years, which can persist into adulthood. Understand the diagnostic requirements based on academic skill difficulties.

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