Special Education Pioneers

• Viktor of Aveyron was a feral child found in France in 1797.
• Jean-Marc Itard studied Viktor's case, endeavoring to educate and socialize him.
• Francis Galton was a British scientist who pioneered the study of human intelligence and heredity.
• Galton is known for his work on eugenics.
• Galton developed statistical methods for studying human traits.
• Samuel Howe was an American physician and educator who advocated for the humane treatment of people with disabilities.
• Howe founded the Perkins School for the Blind.
• Howe was a strong supporter of special education.
• Édouard Séguin was a French physician and educator who developed methods for educating children with intellectual disabilities.
• Séguin emphasized the importance of sensory training and motor development.
• Louis Braille was a French educator who invented the braille system of reading and writing for the blind.
• Jean-Marc Itard was a French physician who studied Viktor of Aveyron.
• Itard is considered a pioneer in the field of special education.
• Lewis Terman was an American psychologist who developed the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales.
• The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales is a widely used intelligence test.
• Alfred Binet was a French psychologist who developed the first standardized intelligence test.
• Alfred Strauss was an American psychologist who studied the cognitive development of children with intellectual disabilities.
• David Barrows was an American educator who strongly advocated for the inclusion of children with disabilities in mainstream schools.
• Delight Rice was an American educator and a pioneer in early intervention who worked with children with disabilities.
• Fred Atkinson was an American educator who was a strong advocate for the rights of children with disabilities.

Concepts Introduced by Itard in SPED

• Itard's work with Viktor of Aveyron introduced several important concepts in special education.
• Sensory training is an important concept.
• Individualized instruction is an important concept.
• The use of rewards and punishments is an important concept.

Laws and Declarations

• The Magna Carta for Disabled Persons World outlines the rights of people with disabilities.
• Republic Act 7277 is a Philippine law mandating special education services for children with disabilities.
• The Accessibility Law aims to ensure public spaces and facilities are accessible to people with disabilities.
• The World Declaration on Education for All (EFA) outlines the goals and principles of education for all, including children with disabilities.
• The World Conference on Special Education is a global conference that focuses on issues related to special education.
• Presidential Decree No. 603 is a Philippine law mandating the establishment of special education centers.
• Republic Act No. 3562 is a Philippine law providing for the rehabilitation of disabled persons.
• Article 356 and 259 of Commonwealth Act No. 3203 are Philippine laws providing for the education of children with disabilities.
• Republic Act No. 5250 is a Philippine law providing for the establishment of a National Council for the Welfare of Disabled Persons.
• The Education Act of 1982 is a Philippine law providing for the establishment of a national system of education.
• Batas Pambansa Bilang 344 is a Philippine law providing for the establishment of a national policy on disability prevention and rehabilitation.
• Republic Act No. 6759 is a Philippine law providing for the establishment of a national policy on senior citizens.
• RA 9442 is a Philippine law that provides for the Magna Carta for Disabled Persons.
• Republic Act No. 7610 is a Philippine law that provides for the special protection of children against abuse, exploitation, and discrimination.
• Presidential Proclamation No. 361 is a Philippine proclamation that declares the month of July as National Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation Month.
• Presidential Decree No. 603 Article 3 is a Philippine law that mandates the establishment of special education centers.
• The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act is a United States law that provides for the education of children with disabilities.
• Rehabilitation Act 504 is a United States law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities.
• The No Child Left Behind Act is a United States law that aims to improve the performance of all students, including those with disabilities.
• The Americans with Disabilities Act is a United States law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, public accommodations, transportation, and other areas.
• Amendment of Magna Carta is an amendment to the Magna Carta for Disabled Persons.
• RA 9288 is a Philippine law that provides for the establishment of a national policy on early childhood care and development.
• Public Law 104-92 is a United States law that reauthorized the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
• Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is a United States law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities.
• PL 94-142 (Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975) is a United States law that provides for the education of children with disabilities.

Different Types of Testing

• Genetic testing is a procedure that can be used to identify genetic disorders.
• Birth screening is a screening test performed on newborns to identify certain genetic disorders.
• Newborn screening is a screening test performed on newborns to identify certain genetic disorders.
• Amniocentesis is a prenatal test that can be used to identify genetic disorders.

Key Terms Explained

• Residential schools provide education and housing for students with disabilities.
• Special education is designed to meet the unique needs of students with disabilities.
• Mainstreaming integrates students with disabilities into mainstream classrooms.
• Inclusive education provides all students, regardless of their abilities or disabilities, with equal opportunities to learn.
• Exclusive education provides education for students with disabilities in separate schools or classrooms.
• Specialized education is designed to meet the specific needs of students with disabilities.
• Non-specialized education is not specifically designed for students with disabilities.
• LRE (Least Restrictive Environment) is an educational setting as close as possible to the general education setting that meets the individual needs of the student.
• IEP (Individualized Education Program) is a written plan that outlines the educational goals and services for a student with disabilities.
• IFSP (Individualized Family Service Plan) is a written plan that outlines the services for a young child with disabilities and their family.
• Individualized Family Service Plans (IFSPs) are written plans that outline the services for a young child with disabilities and their family.
• ELP (English Language Proficiency) is a measure of a student's ability to understand and use English.

Key Figures in Psychology and Genetics

• John Watson was an American psychologist considered the founder of behaviorism.
• Samuel Kirk was an American educator considered the father of special education.
• Francis Crick was a British molecular biologist who, along with James Watson, discovered the structure of DNA.
• The polygenic inheritance principle states that many traits are influenced by multiple genes.
• The sex-linked genes principle states that certain genes are located on the sex chromosomes.
• The dominant-recessive genes principle states that some genes are dominant over others.
• Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual.
• Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics of an individual.
• Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell.
• Mitosome is a type of organelle found in some cells that is involved in the production of energy.
• Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.