Special Education: Core Knowledge Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a functional literacy skill that is most likely to be important for a student with a severe intellectual disability who has a small sight vocabulary?

Writing a thank-you note

Remembering a sequence of job tasks

Retelling a story to a friend

Reading to make choices in daily life (correct)

Which of the following is a major limitation of informal assessments?

They use standardized instruments.

They cannot be used to test large numbers of students.

They are unrelated to learning objectives.

They are usually subjective. (correct)

Ms. Jones teaches students with severe and multiple disabilities. Which of the following professionals should she contact for assistance?

A case manager

An adapted physical education teacher

An occupational therapist (correct)

A physical therapist

Which of the following accommodations is most likely to benefit Martha, a student with spina bifida, in her inclusive history class?

Providing Martha copies of notes to limit her need for writing Signup and view all the answers

List TWO strengths that Steve has displayed in his writing sample.

Started with a capital letter at the beginning of the sentence. Signup and view all the answers

State TWO objectives, one related to communication and one to physical behavior, that are appropriate for Dolores in her transition to general education kindergarten.

Improving communication by using language instead of gestures; managing hyperactivity with structured play activities. Signup and view all the answers

List or describe TWO different assistive technology products that could help Vince in the classroom.

Voice recognition software and customized ergonomic desk. Signup and view all the answers

What is a routine suitable for a student who has difficulty counting money?

Putting predetermined amounts of money in an envelope to spend as needed. Signup and view all the answers

A student who is uncooperative and avoids responsibility is most likely showing signs of which behavior?

Passive-aggressive behavior Signup and view all the answers

The most frequently occurring permanently disabling birth defect is called what?

Spina bifida Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would most benefit a student with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in transitioning between activities?

Giving the student a visual schedule of classroom events Signup and view all the answers

A severe visual impairment is likely to affect a child's development in which way?

Delayed gross motor skills Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate accommodation for a student with cerebral palsy during class?

Allowing him to use a computer with word-prediction software Signup and view all the answers

The term for the number of times a student engages in a particular behavior is called what?

Frequency Signup and view all the answers

Difficulties like impulse control and organizing tasks are most likely indicative of a deficit in which area?

Executive functioning Signup and view all the answers

What is most important when designing a classroom for a student in a wheelchair?

Enough room between furniture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a misconception about parental involvement in children's education?

Involved parents represent all views Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its explanation:

Cognitive behavior management = The ability to cope with one's own or others' behavior. Discrete trial analysis = Used to teach students with autism through smaller tasks. Functional behavioral assessment = The process of analyzing information about a student's behavior. Manifestation determination = To determine if a behavior is linked to a disability. Signup and view all the answers

Which is the most appropriate functional math skill for a student with an intellectual disability?

Managing personal finances Signup and view all the answers

Which action is most likely to enhance communication skills for a student with a strong desire to communicate?

Utilizing an electronic speech-generating aid Signup and view all the answers

What is closely related to providing choice-making opportunities for students with severe disabilities?

A decrease in problem behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Teaching vocabulary meanings as they relate to the story is most likely related to which reading area?

Comprehension Signup and view all the answers

What action is likely to help a student with no spoken language skills enhance communication?

Providing a picture exchange system Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of conducting a task analysis for complex mathematical concepts?

Anticipating problematic areas Signup and view all the answers

What curriculum component will provide a student with an intellectual disability the most independence?

An adapted cookbook with picture directions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an appropriate goal for a student functioning at a third-grade level?

Using correct end-point punctuation Signup and view all the answers

What is the best step before referring a student for special education services?

Documenting interventions Signup and view all the answers

Which is the best example of a summative assessment?

Having students complete word problems independently Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way for a teacher to choose reinforcers for a non-verbal child?

Observing the child interact with reinforcers Signup and view all the answers

Place the following levels of phonological awareness in the correct order of development:

Listening and rhyming = 1 Syllable awareness = 2 Onset and rime = 3 Phoneme blending = 4 Signup and view all the answers

Which adaptation best supports learning for students with intellectual disabilities?

Providing seats away from distractions Signup and view all the answers

Which condition often co-occurs with a traumatic brain injury?

Personality change Signup and view all the answers

What best describes a learning center adaptation for children with severe intellectual disabilities?

Providing a structured and supportive environment with targeted activities. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best demonstrates Glasser's lead teacher concept?

Allowing students to identify interesting research topics for term papers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities would enable a student with an intellectual disability to best demonstrate knowledge of rocks and the rock cycle?

Filling in a concept map of the rock cycle with examples for each type of rock Signup and view all the answers

An Individualized Education Program (IEP) includes information on which THREE of the following?

Placement Signup and view all the answers

According to federal law, school districts must give written notice to parents when:

A change is proposed in the student's Individualized Education Program (IEP) Signup and view all the answers

Randi, a 12-year-old, scores within the average range for her age on a standardized test but is significantly below grade level in reading and writing. The profile is most consistent with a classification of:

Specific learning disability Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important information gained from conducting a functional behavioral assessment?

Causes of the behavior Signup and view all the answers

According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), which of the following is one of the major disability categories?

Hearing impairment Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a cognitive assessment?

To measure intellectual ability Signup and view all the answers

The most important benefit of using a behavioral and emotional rating scale (BERS) to screen for EBD is that the scale:

Includes components for input on behaviors in a variety of settings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are school districts mandated to do under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act?

Provide free appropriate public education to students with disabilities in the regular education classroom. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence for designing an effective lesson plan?

Objective, anticipatory set, guided practice, independent practice, assessment Signup and view all the answers

Which THREE of the following are effective ways for a teacher to avoid gender bias in teaching?

Recognizing the abilities of all children without regard to gender Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of assessments are most authentic and totally individualized for students with severe disabilities?

Environmental evaluations Signup and view all the answers

Sarah, a third-grade student, has been arguing with her teacher and occasionally throwing objects at her classmates. What model best reflects the technique used to manage her behavior?

Psychoeducational model Signup and view all the answers

A student with a cochlear implant most likely has a primary classification of:

Hearing impairment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a procedural safeguard included in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?

Parents have the right to examine all educational records. Signup and view all the answers

Students classified as having an intellectual disability must exhibit significant deficits in both intellectual abilities and:

In adaptive behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an appropriate functional writing skill to teach a high school student with an intellectual disability?

Filling out job applications Signup and view all the answers

Carol is a 4-year-old girl who had a mild traumatic brain injury after birth. Which condition most accurately describes her symptoms?

Aphasia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following criteria is most important for a teacher to consider when selecting a target behavior for a functional behavioral assessment (FBA)?

Safety Signup and view all the answers

Max is a 12-year-old student with a full scale IQ of 60 and deficits in social, academic, adaptive, and communication skills. He is most likely classified with which of the following?

An intellectual disability Signup and view all the answers

Mr. Sempler has a ninth-grade student with EBD who frequently engages in disruptive behavior. Place each of the following steps in an FBA in sequence from left to right, beginning with the first step.

Categorize the behavior to determine the deficit Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an acceptable criterion for a preschool student with severe disabilities learning the daily morning arrival routine using a fifteen-step task analysis for five days?

Ten of fifteen steps correct for three of the five training days Signup and view all the answers

Jeff's Individualized Transitional Plan (ITP) includes activities such as filling out applications and working an after-school job. Jeff's long-term goal is most likely to:

Obtain skilled or semiskilled employment Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important goal for educators when collaborating with families of students?

Ensuring that students are successful and learn Signup and view all the answers

When working with students who could become violent, teachers should look for which of the following warning signs displayed by students?

Threatening gestures and bullying others Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes why a functional curriculum works well with students who have severe intellectual disabilities?

It teaches life skills in an appropriate sequence through the use of task analysis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities will help a high school student with a severe to profound intellectual disability get ready for postsecondary activities?

Learning how to tell time and interpret signs in the environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most associated with seizures?

Epilepsy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best method for nonverbal students with intellectual disabilities to employ for independently expressing their wants and needs?

Using picture cards and symbols Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with the practice of gentle teaching?

Promoting a safe and friendly learning environment Signup and view all the answers

The purpose of self-monitoring is to allow students to:

Assess their own behaviors in need of improvement Signup and view all the answers

Based on a student's experience identifying the meaning of only five out of twelve communication board symbols, which of the following can be inferred about the process of selecting symbols?

Symbols should be taught and used within contexts meaningful to children. Signup and view all the answers

Which assistive technology is most appropriate for a five-year-old child with a severe speech impairment who relies on hand gestures?

A symbol-based voice output communication device Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are the most likely symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome?

Distinctive facial features and delayed development Signup and view all the answers

The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales is most likely to be used in the identification of what?

Intellectual disabilities Signup and view all the answers

In a computer class, which is most appropriate for a deaf student using an FM monitor and an interpreter?

Programming visual cues on the computer for the student Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly defines the term 'de-escalation'?

Reducing the intensity of a conflict Signup and view all the answers

Indicate whether the following are characteristic of differentiated instruction for preschool students: 'Flexible grouping of students', 'Teach the lesson to each student individually', 'Use centers for independent practice'

Flexible grouping of students = Yes Teach the lesson to each student individually = No Use centers for independent practice = Yes Signup and view all the answers

Which is the first federal law to mandate practices to ensure that students with disabilities receive a free and appropriate public education?

Public Law 94-142 Signup and view all the answers

What teaching strategy involves students continuing to study material after it has been mastered to develop automatic recall?

Overlearning Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes a testing accommodation for a student who has difficulty remaining on one task for a long period of time?

Administering a test in several timed sessions Signup and view all the answers

Alyse, an eighth grader with a severe cognitive impairment, has stopped saying she is hungry because her teacher places snacks on her desk. This is a result of:

Satiation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the most appropriate services for Danny, diagnosed with Tourette's syndrome and epilepsy?

Danny is covered under a Section 504 Plan because he does not require special education services. Signup and view all the answers

Joseph, a 14-year-old with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), experiences frequent outbursts. What is most appropriate to help him?

Working with Joseph to establish a self-management plan Signup and view all the answers

According to family stress theory, what is the most likely impact of having a deaf child born to normally hearing families?

The family will develop coping strategies to deal with the stress of having a child with a disability. Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes a response-mode modification for a student with a severe intellectual disability?

Having the student draw pictures in a journal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following topics should be included when evaluating the quality of life of a 19-year-old student with severe disabilities?

Social inclusion Signup and view all the answers

Which skill is most likely to be included in a functional life skills curriculum?

Making change with a cash register Signup and view all the answers

Jill, a four-year-old, begins brushing her hair with a new brush after being taught how. Her action is best described as an:

Assimilation Signup and view all the answers

Ms. Torres, a first-grade special education teacher, has a student whose parents do not speak English. Which approach helps them participate in IEP meetings?

Arrange for an interpreter who speaks the same language as the parents Signup and view all the answers

A teacher using clear goals, logical sequence, and frequent questions is demonstrating:

Direct instruction Signup and view all the answers

Assessment that provides ongoing information about a student's progress is known as:

Formative assessment Signup and view all the answers

Special education teachers are expected to hold highly qualified status when teaching which THREE of the following?

Core academic subjects Signup and view all the answers

The classification of severe intellectual disability is primarily based on:

An IQ of 20-35 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of assessment provides data such as percentile level and standard scores?

Standardized Signup and view all the answers

Pat, a 20-year-old with Down syndrome, is likely to need which math skill to purchase five items at a grocery store?

Rounding the cost of each item to the nearest dollar Signup and view all the answers

Which type of assessment focuses on early milestones to determine the need for further testing?

Screenings Signup and view all the answers

Which is most often associated with withdrawn behavior?

Avoiding involvement with others Signup and view all the answers

What is an acceptable alternative for a face-to-face IEP meeting when parents cannot attend?

Holding a phone conference with the parents Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Seizures and Intellectual Disabilities

Epilepsy is most commonly associated with seizures.
Nonverbal students with intellectual disabilities can effectively express needs using picture cards and symbols.

Gentle Teaching and Self-Monitoring

Gentle teaching promotes a safe and friendly learning environment.
Self-monitoring enables students to assess their behaviors needing improvement.

Communication Boards and Assistive Technology

Symbols on communication boards should be meaningful and taught in relevant contexts.
For children with speech impairments, a symbol-based voice output communication device is recommended for effective communication.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Disabilities

Distinctive facial features and delayed development are key symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome.
The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) is utilized to identify intellectual disabilities by assessing adaptive functioning.

Educational Accommodations and Strategies

For students who are deaf, programming visual cues on computers supports independent learning.
De-escalation refers to reducing the intensity of a conflict in educational settings.

Differentiated Instruction and Federal Laws

Differentiated instruction for preschool includes flexible grouping and centers for independent practice.
Public Law 94-142 mandated free and appropriate public education for students with disabilities.

Overlearning and Testing Accommodations

Overlearning is the practice of studying material beyond mastery for automatic recall.
Allowing students to dictate answers to a scribe is an effective testing accommodation for maintaining focus.

Behavior Management and Support Services

Satiation is decreasing behaviors through increased reinforcement, as seen when a student stops expressing hunger after being given snacks.
Students diagnosed with disabilities may qualify for protection under Section 504 if they do not require special education but have a disability.

Self-Management for Students with ASD

Working with students on self-management plans can enhance their ability to control frustrations and stay on task.

Family Dynamics and Coping Strategies

Families of children with severe hearing loss typically develop coping strategies to manage stress following their child’s diagnosis.

Modifications for Learning and Quality of Life

Response-mode modifications allow students with severe disabilities to engage differently in assessments.
Social inclusion is a key element when evaluating the quality of life for students with severe disabilities.

Functional Life Skills and Educational Transition

Practical skills like making change with a cash register are vital components of functional life skills curricula.
Rounding costs and calculating totals aids transition for individuals with disabilities in shopping experiences.

Early Assessment and Typical Behaviors

Screenings focus on early developmental milestones and determine if further evaluations are needed.
Withdrawing behavior, such as avoiding involvement with peers, may indicate a need for support in social skills.

IEP Meetings and Communication

Alternative methods such as phone conferences are acceptable for IEP meetings when parents cannot attend.

Student Choice and Knowledge Demonstration

Allowing students to choose research topics reflects the lead teacher concept in education.
Filling in a concept map effectively demonstrates knowledge of the rock cycle for students with intellectual disabilities.

IEP Components

An Individualized Education Program (IEP) must specify placement, long-term goals, and present levels of functioning.### Legal Requirements and Disability Definitions
School districts must notify parents in writing about changes to a student's Individualized Education Program (IEP), academic failures, and more.
A specific learning disability is indicated by a discrepancy between a student’s test scores and their actual performance in academic areas.
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) designates various disability categories, including hearing impairment.
A cochlear implant indicates a primary classification of hearing impairment as it helps transmit sound to individuals with such disabilities.

Assessments and Behavioral Management

Functional Behavioral Assessments (FBAs) determine the causes of specific behaviors in students.
Safety is a critical factor when selecting target behaviors for FBAs.
Cognitive assessments measure a student's intellectual abilities through problem-solving and recall tests.
Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scales (BERS) assess student behavior across various contexts.

Lesson Planning and Instructional Strategies

The effective sequence for a lesson plan is: objective, anticipatory set, guided practice, independent practice, and assessment.
To avoid gender bias, teachers can recognize abilities regardless of gender, screen literature for stereotypes, and use gender-neutral language.

Educational Supports and Transition Planning

Schools under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act are mandated to provide free appropriate public education to students with disabilities in regular classrooms.
Transition plans (Individualized Transitional Plans - ITP) for students with intellectual disabilities often focus on employment and everyday living skills.
Functional curricula specifically benefit students with severe intellectual disabilities by teaching life skills in a structured manner.

Student Behavior and Accommodation

Teachers should look for warning signs of potential violence, such as aggressive gestures and bullying behavior.
Students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) benefit from visual schedules to assist with transitions between activities.
For students with orthopedic impairments, accommodations like using technology for note-taking can promote independence.

Learning Characteristics and Disabilities

Intellectual disabilities are characterized by limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
Aphasia describes language understanding and expression challenges often resulting from neurological injuries.
Spina bifida is the most common permanently disabling birth defect, caused by incomplete closure of the spinal column.

Academic Skills and Individualization

Appropriate functional writing skills for high school students with intellectual disabilities include teaching practical tasks like filling out job applications.
Students needing support with money management should learn adaptations suited to their skills rather than traditional academic methods.
The frequency of a behavior is defined as the number of times a specific behavior occurs within a set timeframe.### Executive Functioning
Executive functioning includes skills such as impulse control, attention, transitioning, planning, organizing, and task initiation.
Deficits in these areas can indicate challenges in a student's ability to manage tasks effectively.

Classroom Design for Accessibility

Ensure enough space between furniture for students using wheelchairs to access classroom supplies independently.
Classroom layout should facilitate both whole-group and small-group instruction for effective lesson delivery.

Culturally Biased Misconceptions

It's a misconception that involved parents represent all parents' views; they often reflect a specific demographic (e.g., White and middle-class).
Recognizing diverse cultural backgrounds is crucial for effective parental inclusion strategies.

Special Education Terminology

Cognitive behavior management focuses on coping with behavior, whether overt or covert.
Discrete trial analysis breaks down targeted skills for teaching students with autism into manageable tasks.
Functional behavioral assessment (FBA) analyzes behavior and circumstances to identify needs and appropriate educational interventions.
Manifestation determination reviews whether a student's behavior linked to a disability led to disciplinary actions.

Functional Life Skills

Managing personal finances is the most critical skill for a student with an intellectual disability aspiring for independence.
Utilization of electronic speech-generating communication aids can significantly enhance communication for students with verbal challenges.

Choice-Making in Education

Research shows providing choice-making opportunities can reduce problem behaviors in students with severe disabilities.

Reading Comprehension

Teaching vocabulary in relation to a story, characters, and setting is essential for enhancing reading comprehension.

Communication Strategies

Picture exchange systems can effectively assist non-verbal students in communicating their needs and preferences.

Task Analysis in Instruction

Conducting task analysis preempts potential problem areas in teaching complex subjects, aiding material preparation and instructional planning.

Adapted Curriculum for Independence

Providing adapted cookbooks with picture directions empowers students with disabilities to perform cooking tasks independently.

Appropriate IEP Goals

Setting achievable writing goals, such as correct punctuation usage, is essential for students functioning at lower academic levels.

Referral Process for Special Education Services

Documenting implemented interventions is crucial before referring a student for special education assessments.

Summative Assessment

Independent completion of tasks, such as word problems, qualifies as a summative assessment as it evaluates cumulative subject knowledge.

Reinforcer Selection for Students

Effective reinforcers for students can be identified by observing their interactions with various items.

Phonological Awareness Development

Phonological awareness progresses from listening and rhyming to syllable awareness, onset and rime, and finally phoneme blending.

Learning Center Adaptation

Developing parallel but meaningful activities is vital for children with severe intellectual disabilities to align with their peers academically.

Functional Literacy Skills

Reading for daily choices is a crucial literacy skill for students with a limited sight vocabulary.

Limitations of Informal Assessments

Informal assessments are inherently subjective, impacting their reliability in evaluation.

Occupational therapists focus on enhancing self-care skills and independence for students with disabilities.

Accommodations for Students

Providing copies of notes helps students with fine motor limitations to engage in class and access instructional content.

Communication and Behavioral Objective Setting

Clearly outlined communication and behavioral objectives can facilitate a smooth transition for students with special needs into general education settings.

Assistive Technology for Classroom Access

Using assistive technology devices can significantly enhance educational access, functional capabilities, and knowledge growth for students with injuries or disabilities.

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Description

Test your understanding of essential concepts in special education, focusing on severe to profound applications. This quiz includes questions about key conditions like epilepsy and effective communication methods for nonverbal students.