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What is the origin of preganglionic neurons in the Sympathetic Nervous System?

12 thoracic and upper 2 lumbar segments (correct)

Thoracic and sacral segments

Brainstem and upper cervical segments

Cervical and thoracic segments only

Autonomic ganglia are located inside the central nervous system.

False (B)

Name one type of ganglia associated with the Parasympathetic Nervous System.

Terminal ganglia

The sympathetic nervous system causes __________ of cutaneous blood vessels, leading to pale and cold skin.

vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of ganglia with their associated nervous system:

Paravertebral ganglia = Sympathetic Nervous System Terminal ganglia = Parasympathetic Nervous System Collateral ganglia = Sympathetic Nervous System Ciliary ganglion = Parasympathetic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerves contribute to the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

3rd, 7th, 9th, and 10th cranial nerves (D) Signup and view all the answers

Erection of hair is a reaction associated with the Parasympathetic Nervous System.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on pupil size?

Dilation (mydriasis) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the contraction of smooth muscles in the upper eyelids?

Widen palpebral fissure (D) Signup and view all the answers

The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, which have different effects than sympathetic stimulation.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the sympathetic stimulation have on the heart?

Increases heart rate and force of contraction Signup and view all the answers

The contraction of the internal anal sphincter leads to retention of ______.

feces Signup and view all the answers

Match the following actions with the corresponding organ system:

Upper eyelids = Widening of palpebral fissure Heart = Increased cardiac output Lungs = Dilation of bronchioles Liver = Glycogenolysis Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are inhibited by sympathetic stimulation in the urinary bladder?

Muscles in the wall of the bladder (B) Signup and view all the answers

Sympathetic stimulation leads to relaxation of bronchial muscles.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the salivary glands?

Stimulates secretion of viscous saliva Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the eyes?

Contraction of the ciliary muscle (C) Signup and view all the answers

Parasympathetic stimulation leads to increased salivary secretions that are rich in water and enzymes.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to heart rate and force of contraction due to parasympathetic stimulation?

They decrease. Signup and view all the answers

During ejaculation, parasympathetic stimulation causes contraction of the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and __________.

prostate gland Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organs with their respective effects during parasympathetic stimulation:

Eyes = Narrowing of the pupil Heart = Decrease in heart rate Lungs = Constriction of bronchioles Salivary Glands = Rich watery secretions Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is associated with the secretions of lacrimal and nasal glands?

Facial nerve (C) Signup and view all the answers

The vagus nerve innervates the ventricles of the heart.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Name one organ that undergoes constriction of bronchioles during parasympathetic stimulation.

Lungs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component found at the neuromuscular junction?

Acetyl choline (B) Signup and view all the answers

Thick filaments in muscle fibers are primarily made of the protein actin.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional unit of a muscle called?

Sarcomere Signup and view all the answers

The __________ is the site of meeting between the axon of a motor neuron and the muscle fiber.

neuromuscular junction Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the muscle fiber contains receptors for acetyl choline?

Sarcolemma (C) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structural features with their descriptions:

A-band = Contains thick myosin filaments I-band = Contains thin actin filaments Z-disk = Defines the boundaries of a sarcomere H-zone = Contains only thick myosin filaments Signup and view all the answers

The synaptic cleft allows direct connection between the axon and the muscle fiber.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of proteins that make up thin filaments in muscle fibers?

Actin, Tropomyosin, Troponin Signup and view all the answers

What process leads to the continuous sustained contraction of muscles known as Tetanus?

Rapid successive action potentials stimulating the motor unit (A) Signup and view all the answers

Isotonic contraction occurs when the muscle tension exceeds the load.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role do calcium ions play in muscle contraction?

They combine with troponin to remove tropomyosin from binding sites. Signup and view all the answers

During relaxation, calcium ions are actively reuptaken by the __________.

sarcoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of muscle contraction to its description:

Isotonic contraction = Muscle shortening occurs against a load Isometric contraction = Muscle tension without shortening Muscle tension = Mechanical force exerted by a muscle Relaxation = Return of troponin and tropomyosin to original positions Signup and view all the answers

What role does acetylcholine play in muscle contraction?

Stimulates the production of an action potential on the muscle membrane (A) Signup and view all the answers

The M-line is where the actin filaments are primarily attached.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of titin in muscle contraction?

It stabilizes contractile filaments and helps the muscle return to its original position after contraction. Signup and view all the answers

The __________ enzyme destroys acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.

cholinesterase Signup and view all the answers

Match the following proteins with their described functions in muscle contraction:

Titin = Stabilizes contractile filaments and returns muscle to origin Nebulin = Helps align actin filaments Cholinesterase = Destroys acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of stimulating a motor unit?

Muscle twitch (A) Signup and view all the answers

Transverse tubules (T-tubules) help propagate action potentials to the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary storage substance in the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Calcium ions (Ca+) Signup and view all the answers

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Questions and Answers

What is the origin of preganglionic neurons in the Sympathetic Nervous System?

Autonomic ganglia are located inside the central nervous system.

Name one type of ganglia associated with the Parasympathetic Nervous System.

The sympathetic nervous system causes __________ of cutaneous blood vessels, leading to pale and cold skin.

Match the types of ganglia with their associated nervous system:

Which cranial nerves contribute to the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

Erection of hair is a reaction associated with the Parasympathetic Nervous System.

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on pupil size?

Which of the following is a function of the contraction of smooth muscles in the upper eyelids?

The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, which have different effects than sympathetic stimulation.

What effect does the sympathetic stimulation have on the heart?

The contraction of the internal anal sphincter leads to retention of ______.

Match the following actions with the corresponding organ system:

Which muscles are inhibited by sympathetic stimulation in the urinary bladder?

Sympathetic stimulation leads to relaxation of bronchial muscles.

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the salivary glands?

What is one effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the eyes?

Parasympathetic stimulation leads to increased salivary secretions that are rich in water and enzymes.

What happens to heart rate and force of contraction due to parasympathetic stimulation?

During ejaculation, parasympathetic stimulation causes contraction of the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and __________.

Match the following organs with their respective effects during parasympathetic stimulation:

Which cranial nerve is associated with the secretions of lacrimal and nasal glands?

The vagus nerve innervates the ventricles of the heart.

Name one organ that undergoes constriction of bronchioles during parasympathetic stimulation.

What is the primary component found at the neuromuscular junction?

Thick filaments in muscle fibers are primarily made of the protein actin.

What is the functional unit of a muscle called?

The __________ is the site of meeting between the axon of a motor neuron and the muscle fiber.

Which part of the muscle fiber contains receptors for acetyl choline?

Match the following structural features with their descriptions:

The synaptic cleft allows direct connection between the axon and the muscle fiber.

What are the three types of proteins that make up thin filaments in muscle fibers?

What process leads to the continuous sustained contraction of muscles known as Tetanus?

Isotonic contraction occurs when the muscle tension exceeds the load.

What role do calcium ions play in muscle contraction?

During relaxation, calcium ions are actively reuptaken by the __________.

Match the type of muscle contraction to its description:

What role does acetylcholine play in muscle contraction?

The M-line is where the actin filaments are primarily attached.

What is the function of titin in muscle contraction?

The __________ enzyme destroys acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.

Match the following proteins with their described functions in muscle contraction:

What is the result of stimulating a motor unit?

Transverse tubules (T-tubules) help propagate action potentials to the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

What is the primary storage substance in the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

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