Spatial Localization of mRNAs

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of RNA localization elements?

  • To regulate gene expression through inhibition of protein synthesis
  • To facilitate the degradation of mRNAs with specific sequences
  • To enhance the translation of mRNAs with secondary structures
  • To mediate the localization of mRNAs to specific regions within the cell (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a type of cytoskeleton involved in mRNA transport?

  • Microfilaments
  • Intermediate filaments
  • Microtubules
  • Centrioles (correct)

What is the primary function of RNA-binding proteins in mRNA localization?

  • To inhibit the translation of mRNAs with secondary structures
  • To degrade mRNAs with specific sequences
  • To act as adaptors, linking mRNAs to motor proteins or the cytoskeleton (correct)
  • To facilitate the transport of mRNAs to the nucleus

Which of the following is an example of a subcellular region where mRNAs can be localized?

<p>Dendrites in neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton in mRNA trafficking?

<p>To provide a framework for mRNA transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of subcellular mRNA distribution?

<p>It is critical for proper cellular function and development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary requirement for translation to occur in a cell?

<p>mRNAs must be accessible to ribosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which organisms can mRNAs move to the daughter cell during budding?

<p>Yeast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can tRNAs and mRNAs be localized in all cells?

<p>In the vicinity of mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of development do mRNAs move to a single pole of the syncytium?

<p>During embryogenesis in insects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for covering mRNAs after transcription in the nucleus?

<p>Proteins of exportation to the cytoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of motors in mRNA transport?

<p>To transport mRNAs to different subcellular locations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the anteroposterior differentiation of Drosophila, what is the characteristic of the gradients of proteins such as BCD or HB-M?

<p>They are more concentrated in the anterior pole than in the posterior pole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In neurons, what is the purpose of mobilizing mRNAs to the zone of synaptic transmission?

<p>To accelerate the response to stimuli by translating proteins on demand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which mRNAs are localized to specific poles in the Drosophila embryo?

<p>Through anchoring to specific structures in the pole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In yeast cells, what is the outcome of differential mRNA transport before cell division?

<p>One daughter cell has a distinct mRNA profile compared to the other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Bicoid protein in the localization of Caudal protein?

<p>It inhibits the translation of Caudal protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the localization of Hunchback protein to the anterior pole?

<p>To establish a gradient of Hunchback protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of She2p or She3p proteins in S.cerevisiae?

<p>They recognize and bind to specific mRNA sequences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microtubules in mRNA transport?

<p>To transport mRNAs along with motor proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Puf3 protein in the localization of mRNAs?

<p>It anchors mRNAs to the mitochondrial membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In fibroblasts, what happens to mRNAs in response to a stimulus that induces cellular movement?

<p>They are transported to the leading edge of the cell to synthesize proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are mRNAs localized to the vicinity of the mitochondria?

<p>To localize the corresponding proteins to the mitochondrial membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of active mRNA transport in cells?

<p>Selective concentration of mRNAs in specific regions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the inhibition of Hunchback protein translation by Nanos protein?

<p>Hunchback protein is localized to the anterior pole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the localization of mRNAs to specific poles in the Drosophila embryo?

<p>A gradient of proteins with different concentrations in each pole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Spatial Localization of mRNAs

MRNA Trafficking

  • The process of transporting mRNAs to specific locations within the cell
  • Enables spatial regulation of gene expression, allowing for localized protein synthesis
  • Important for cellular processes such as cell polarization, migration, and development

Cytoskeleton-mediated Transport

  • The cytoskeleton provides a framework for mRNA transport
  • Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments are involved in mRNA transport
  • Motor proteins (e.g. kinesin, dynein) travel along the cytoskeleton, carrying mRNAs to their destinations

RNA Localization Elements

  • Specific sequences or structures within the mRNA that mediate its localization
  • Can be found in the 5' or 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) or in the coding sequence
  • Examples: zip code-like elements, localization elements with secondary structure

RNA-binding Proteins

  • Proteins that bind to specific RNA sequences or structures, influencing mRNA localization
  • Can act as adaptors, linking mRNAs to motor proteins or the cytoskeleton
  • Examples: Staufen, ZBP1, and FMRP

Subcellular MRNA Distribution

  • mRNAs can be localized to specific subcellular regions, such as:
    • Dendrites in neurons
    • Leading edge in migrating cells
    • Apical or basolateral regions in epithelial cells
    • Germ plasm in developing embryos
  • Subcellular mRNA distribution is critical for proper cellular function and development

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