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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
The nucleic acid sequence in mRNA is determined by?
The nucleic acid sequence in mRNA is determined by?
Nucleotide sequence in DNA
If a frameshift mutation causes a stop codon to be inserted into the DNA sequence, what will happen?
If a frameshift mutation causes a stop codon to be inserted into the DNA sequence, what will happen?
The resulting protein will be too short and non-functional.
What does a nucleotide deletion in DNA replication cause?
What does a nucleotide deletion in DNA replication cause?
Causes the amino acids inserted after the deletion to be incorrect.
The addition of a single nucleotide to the DNA sequence causes a frameshift mutation.
The addition of a single nucleotide to the DNA sequence causes a frameshift mutation.
In a frameshift mutation, all of the amino acids before the shift are changed.
In a frameshift mutation, all of the amino acids before the shift are changed.
Rank the following from smallest to largest:
Rank the following from smallest to largest:
Which could have more negative effects?
Which could have more negative effects?
Which of the following occurs when a piece of one chromosome breaks off and is attached to another chromosome?
Which of the following occurs when a piece of one chromosome breaks off and is attached to another chromosome?
A chromosomal mutation is a substantial change in the structure of a chromosome or chromosomes.
A chromosomal mutation is a substantial change in the structure of a chromosome or chromosomes.
A mutation that causes a change in a single nucleotide in DNA:
A mutation that causes a change in a single nucleotide in DNA:
A mutation that changes a single nucleotide can result in a different amino acid being added into a protein.
A mutation that changes a single nucleotide can result in a different amino acid being added into a protein.
What are the two types of gene mutations?
What are the two types of gene mutations?
Mutations can be passed on to offspring when they occur in what?
Mutations can be passed on to offspring when they occur in what?
Mutations are what?
Mutations are what?
A shift in the reading frame is usually caused by an insertion or what?
A shift in the reading frame is usually caused by an insertion or what?
A change in the final base of a codon usually results in a what?
A change in the final base of a codon usually results in a what?
A frameshift is when?
A frameshift is when?
A point mutation is when?
A point mutation is when?
A mutation may occur in a gene as a result of the?
A mutation may occur in a gene as a result of the?
The process in which an organism's genetic information is used to create a specific trait is?
The process in which an organism's genetic information is used to create a specific trait is?
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Nucleic Acids and Mutations
- mRNA's nucleotide sequence is determined by the corresponding sequence in DNA.
- A frameshift mutation introduces a premature stop codon in the DNA sequence, resulting in a shorter, non-functional protein.
- Nucleotide deletions during DNA replication lead to incorrect amino acid sequences after the deletion point.
- Adding a single nucleotide to a DNA sequence causes a frameshift mutation.
Mutation Types and Effects
- All amino acids prior to a frameshift mutation remain unchanged.
- Chromosomal mutations can have more severe negative effects compared to nitrogen base mutations.
- Simple translocation involves a segment of one chromosome breaking off and attaching to another chromosome.
- Chromosomal mutations entail significant structural changes in one or more chromosomes.
Impact of Point Mutations
- A single nucleotide mutation can alter an amino acid, potentially affecting protein function.
- Outcomes of single nucleotide mutations may include no effect, a different codon in mRNA, or a stop in protein synthesis, but they will not create an incorrect anticodon.
- Two main types of gene mutations are point mutations and frameshift mutations.
Hereditary and Neutral Mutations
- Mutations can be inherited by offspring if they occur in sex cells (gametes).
- The effects of mutations can be classified as beneficial, harmful, or neutral.
- Frameshifts are caused by either insertions or deletions in the nucleotide sequence.
Codon and Protein Synthesis
- A change in the final base of a codon typically results in no change to the corresponding amino acid.
- A frameshift is characterized by a change in the reading frame of mRNA.
- Point mutations involve the substitution of one base for another in the DNA sequence.
- Mutations can result from the loss of nucleotide(s) in a gene.
- The genetic information of an organism is utilized in the process of protein synthesis to produce specific traits.
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