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Questions and Answers
What event led to the resignation of the Prime Minister Azaña?
Which government came to power from 1934 to 1936, aiming to suspend previous reforms and stop protests?
What coalition won the elections in 1936 and tried to reimplant the suspended reforms?
What event in July 1936 led to an attempted coup d'état by part of the army?
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Why were new elections called for in 1936?
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Study Notes
Spanish Second Republic (1931-1936)
Left-Wing Governments (1931-1933)
- Municipal elections in April 1931 resulted in a Republican-Socialist coalition victory in many cities.
- King Alfonso XIII went into exile, leading to the proclamation of the Second Republic on April 14, 1931.
- The Provisional Government was formed by an alliance of various parties, known as the Pact of San Sebastián.
- Niceto Alcalá-Zamora became the first President of the Republic, with Manuel Azaña serving as Prime Minister.
Reforms During Left-Wing Rule
- Territorial Reform: Enabled the establishment of autonomous communities, notably the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, leading to nationalist discontent.
- Land Reform: Aimed to expropriate large estates for redistribution to landless farmers; faced opposition from landowners and slow implementation, frustrating laborers.
- Educational Reform: Established free, public, and secular education, violating the Catholic Church's interests by banning religious education in schools.
- Labor Reform: Intended to improve wages and working conditions; met with resistance from business owners.
- Military Reform: Involved a reduction in the number of military officers, which faced backlash from military leadership.
- Women's Suffrage: Introduced voting rights for women, contributing to social change.
Social Disturbances
- Increased protests and violence from radical groups, such as the CNT (National Confederation of Labor) and FAI (Iberian Anarchist Federation) on the left, and the Fascist Falange on the right.
- Social tensions escalated due to opposition against various reforms, leading to unrest during this period.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the left-wing governments during the early years of the Spanish Second Republic (1931-1933). Explore the events following the ascension of the Republic, the Provisional Government, and the key political figures of the era.
