Spanish Grammar Chapter 17: Los Tiempos Perfectos

Study Notes

'I have just' tense is formed using Acabar + de + Infinitive, e.g., Acabo de hablar (I have just spoken)
The 'I have just' tense is used to describe an action that has been completed in the immediate past

Pretérito Perfecto (Present Perfect): Haber + Past Participle, e.g., Yo he hablado (I have spoken)
Futuro Perfecto (Future Perfect): Haber + Past Participle, e.g., Yo habré hablado (I will have spoken)
Condicional Perfecto (Conditional Perfect): Haber + Past Participle, e.g., Yo habría hablado (I would have spoken)
Pluscuamperfecto (Past Perfect): Haber + Past Participle, e.g., Yo había hablado (I had spoken)

Le he escrito (I have written to him)
Hemos hecho muchos pasteles (we have made many cakes)
Habré terminado todos mis exámenes (I will have finished all of my exams)
Habría ido a la fiesta si no estuviera tan cansado (I would have gone to the party if I wasn't so tired)
Lo habrías comprado si tuvieras el dinero (you would have bought it if you had the money)
Ya había comido cuando llegué a la fiesta (I had already eaten when I arrived at the party)
Ya había abierto la ventana cuando mi madre me pidió que lo hiciera (I had already opened the window when my mother asked me to do it)

To make the perfect tense negative, add "no" in front of the "haber" part, e.g., No he comprado nada (I haven't bought anything)
For reflexive verbs, add the reflexive pronoun in front of the "haber" part, e.g., Se ha despertado (He has woken up)
To make reflexive verbs in the perfect tense negative, add "no" in front of the reflexive pronoun, e.g., No se ha despertado (He has not woken up)