Present Simple Tense in Spanish
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Questions and Answers

When is the present simple tense commonly used in Spanish?

to refer to actions that are habitual or happen regularly

What are the personal pronouns used before the conjugated verb in Spanish?

yo, tú, él/ella/usted, nosotros, vosotros, ellos/ellas/ustedes

What does the phrase 'todos los días' indicate in a sentence?

that the action happens every day

What is the difference between 'tú' and 'usted' in Spanish?

<p>tú is informal, used with friends or family, while usted is formal, used with people you don't know well or to show respect</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you translate 'they' in a formal setting in Spanish?

<p>ellos/ellas/ustedes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common pattern followed by regular verbs in Spanish?

<p>They follow the same patterns and are conjugated in the same way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the English translation of the Spanish verb 'compartir'?

<p>to share</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the verb 'describir' in a sentence?

<p>to describe</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opposite of the verb 'permitir' in Spanish?

<p>prohibir (to prohibit/ban/not allow)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the question '¿Qué haces cada semana?' asking in English?

<p>What do you do every week?</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps to conjugate an AR verb in the present tense?

<p>Break down the infinitive into the verb parts, find the stem, remove the leaf (ar), and then add the endings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ending for the verb 'hablar' in the first person singular (Yo) in the present tense?

<p>o</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb 'hablar' in the third person plural (Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes) in the present tense?

<p>hablan</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 'stem' in conjugating an AR verb in the present tense?

<p>It stays the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ending for the verb 'hablar' in the second person plural (Vosotros/as) in the present tense?

<p>áis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hva er den spanske verbet for 'å sang'?

<p>cantar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hvilket spansk verb betyr 'å dra'?

<p>dibujar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hva er den spanske verbet for 'å lytte'?

<p>escuchar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hvilket spansk verb betyr 'å glømme'?

<p>olvidar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hva er den spanske verbet for 'å reise'?

<p>viajar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Spanish verb that means 'to sing'?

<p>cantar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Spanish verb that means 'to bring' or 'to take'?

<p>llevar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Spanish verb that means 'to listen to'?

<p>escuchar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Spanish verb that means 'to travel'?

<p>viajar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Spanish verb that means 'to swim'?

<p>nadar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the step to find the stem of an ER verb in the present tense?

<p>Break down the infinitive into the verb parts: the stem and the leaf (er), which will be taken away.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb 'comer' in the first person singular (Yo) in the present tense?

<p>como</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the verb 'aprender' in English?

<p>to learn</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ending for the verb 'comer' in the third person plural (Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes) in the present tense?

<p>en</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the question '¿Qué haces cada día?' in Spanish?

<p>to ask what someone does every day</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in conjugating an ER verb in the present tense?

<p>Break down the infinitive into the verb parts: the stem and the leaf (er)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ending for the verb 'comer' in the first person singular (Yo) in the present tense?

<p>o</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the endings for the verb 'comer' in the present tense for the subject pronouns Nosotros/as, Tú, Vosotros/as, Él/Ella, and Ellos/Ellas?

<p>emos, es, eis, e, en</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of finding the stem in conjugating an ER verb in the present tense?

<p>To combine it with the corresponding endings to form the conjugated verb</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pattern of conjugation for ER verbs in the present tense?

<p>The stem stays the same, and the leaf (er) is replaced with the corresponding endings for each subject pronoun</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb 'comer' in the second person singular (Tú) in the present tense?

<p>comes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb 'comer' in the first person plural (Nosotros/as) in the present tense?

<p>comemos</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb 'comer' in the third person singular (Él/Ella/Usted) in the present tense?

<p>come</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb 'comer' in the second person plural (Vosotros/as) in the present tense?

<p>coméis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb 'comer' in the third person plural (Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes) in the present tense?

<p>comen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the step to find the stem of an IR verb in the present tense?

<p>Break down the infinitive into the stem (viv) and the leaf (ir)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the endings for IR verbs in the present tense?

<p>Yo: o, Tú: es, Él/Ella/Usted: e, Nosotros/as: imos, Vosotros/as: ís, Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: en</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the IR verb 'vivir' in the first person singular (Yo) in the present tense?

<p>vivo</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of finding the stem in conjugating an IR verb in the present tense?

<p>To form the present tense conjugation by adding endings</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pattern of conjugation for IR verbs in the present tense?

<p>Find the stem, replace the leaf with endings, and add the endings</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb 'vivir' in the third person singular (Él/Ella/Usted) in the present tense?

<p>vive</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb 'vivir' in the first person plural (Nosotros/as) in the present tense?

<p>vivimos</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb 'vivir' in the second person plural (Vosotros/as) in the present tense?

<p>vivís</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb 'vivir' in the third person plural (Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes) in the present tense?

<p>viven</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb 'vivir' in the first person singular (Yo) in the present tense?

<p>vivo</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb 'vivir' in the second person singular (Tú) in the present tense?

<p>vives</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb 'vivir' in the third person plural (Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes) in the present tense?

<p>viven</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb 'vivir' in the first person plural (Nosotros/as) in the present tense?

<p>vivimos</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb 'vivir' in the second person plural (Vosotros/as) in the present tense?

<p>vivís</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb 'vivir' in the third person singular (Él/Ella/Usted) in the present tense?

<p>vive</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pattern of Radical Changing Verbs in Spanish, with respect to their stem and endings?

<p>The stem of Radical Changing Verbs changes, but the endings follow the usual pattern for ar/er/ir verbs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change occurs in the stem of Radical Changing Verbs, except for nosotros and vosotros?

<p>The vowel which appears in the stem directly before the leaf changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Irregular Verbs with a 1 LETTER change, such as Conducir?

<p>They have a z in the first person only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common pattern of conjugation for verbs like Conducir, Introducir, and Produzir in the present tense?

<p>The conjugation pattern follows the usual pattern for ar/er/ir verbs, with a z in the first person only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the vowel change in the stem of Radical Changing Verbs, such as Jugar?

<p>The vowel change occurs in the stem directly before the leaf, and affects the conjugation of the verb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb Dirigir in the first person singular (Yo) in the present tense?

<p>Dirijo</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb Construir in the first person plural (Nosotros/as) in the present tense?

<p>Construimos</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb Escoger in the second person singular (Tú) in the present tense?

<p>Escoges</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb Proteger in the third person plural (Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes) in the present tense?

<p>Protegen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb Contribuir in the first person singular (Yo) in the present tense?

<p>Contribuyo</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb Coger in the first person singular (Yo) in the present tense?

<p>Cojo</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb Construir in the second person singular (Tú) in the present tense?

<p>Construyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb Dirigir in the first person singular (Yo) in the present tense?

<p>Dirijo</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb Exigir in the first person singular (Yo) in the present tense?

<p>Exijo</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugation of the verb Contribuir in the third person plural (Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes) in the present tense?

<p>Contribuyen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are reflexive verbs, and what is a common characteristic of many daily routine verbs?

<p>Reflexive verbs are when the subject and object of the verb are the same, and many daily routine verbs are reflexive, but not all.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step to conjugating a reflexive verb?

<p>Remove the reflexive pronoun and move it to the front of the verb, then change the pronoun to the correct reflexive form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the reflexive pronouns used in Spanish, and how do they change depending on the subject?

<p>The reflexive pronouns are me (myself), te (yourself), se (himself/herself/itself), nos (ourselves), os (yourselves), and se (themselves).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of infinite verbs that are reflexive?

<p>Infinite verbs that end with -se are reflexive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are reflexive verbs important in Spanish, especially in daily routines?

<p>Reflexive verbs are important in Spanish, especially in daily routines, because they allow speakers to describe actions they do to themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of reflexive verbs in Spanish?

<p>The subject and the object of the verb are the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in conjugating a reflexive verb in Spanish?

<p>Remove the reflexive pronoun and move it to the front of the verb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reflexive pronoun for 'nos' in Spanish?

<p>nosotros/as</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic ending of infinite reflexive verbs in Spanish?

<p>-se</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a daily routine verb that is also a reflexive verb in Spanish?

<p>lavarse (to wash oneself)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Present Simple Tense

  • Used to describe actions that are habitual or happen regularly.
  • Often used with time expressions such as:
    • Todos los días (everyday)
    • Normalmente (normally)
    • Cada año (every year)

Personal Pronouns

  • Used before the conjugated verb to emphasize who is performing the action.
  • The following personal pronouns are used in Spanish:
    • Yo: I
    • Tú: You (singular, informal)
    • Él/Ella/Usted: He/She/It/You (singular, formal)
    • Nosotros: We
    • Vosotros: You (plural, informal)
    • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: They/You (plural, formal)

Regular Verbs

  • Regular verbs follow the same patterns and are conjugated in the same way
  • There are three groups of regular verbs: ar verbs, er verbs, and ir verbs

Asking About Weekly Activities

  • The question "¿Qué haces cada semana?" means "What do you do every week?"

Verb Meanings

  • Abrir means "to open"
  • Compartir means "to share"
  • Decidir means "to decide"
  • Describir means "to describe"
  • Discutir means "to discuss/argue"
  • Escribir means "to write"
  • Permitir means "to allow"
  • Prohibir means "to prohibit/ban/not allow"
  • Recibir means "to receive"

Conjugating AR Verbs in the Present Tense

  • To conjugate an AR verb in the present tense, break it down into two parts: the stem and the ending.
  • The stem remains the same, whereas the ending changes depending on the subject pronoun.

Finding the Stem and Adding Endings

  • Remove the "ar" from the infinitive verb to find the stem (e.g., hablar becomes habl).
  • Add the corresponding ending to the stem to form the conjugated verb.

Present Tense Endings for AR Verbs

  • Yo: o
  • Tú: as
  • Él/Ella/Usted: a
  • Nosotros/as: amos
  • Vosotros/as: áis
  • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: an

Example Conjugation of Hablar (to speak)

  • Yo: hablo (I speak)
  • Tú: hablas (You speak)
  • Él/Ella/Usted: habla (He/She/It speaks)
  • Nosotros/as: hablamos (We speak)
  • Vosotros/as: habláis (Ye speak)
  • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: hablan (They speak)

-AR Verbs in Spanish

  • cantar means to sing
  • charlar means to chat
  • comprar means to buy
  • caminar means to walk
  • descansar means to relax or rest
  • dibujar means to draw
  • escuchar means to listen to
  • estudiar means to study
  • hablar means to speak
  • llegar means to arrive
  • llevar can mean to bring, take, or wear
  • mirar means to watch
  • nadar means to swim
  • olvidar means to forget
  • tomar can mean to take or have (especially with food or drink)
  • trabajar means to work
  • viajar means to travel

-AR Verbs in Spanish

  • cantar means to sing
  • charlar means to chat
  • comprar means to buy
  • caminar means to walk
  • descansar means to relax or rest
  • dibujar means to draw
  • escuchar means to listen to
  • estudiar means to study
  • hablar means to speak
  • llegar means to arrive
  • llevar can mean to bring, take, or wear
  • mirar means to watch
  • nadar means to swim
  • olvidar means to forget
  • tomar can mean to take or have (especially with food or drink)
  • trabajar means to work
  • viajar means to travel

Conjugating ER Verbs in the Present Tense

  • To conjugate an ER verb, break down the infinitive into the stem and the leaf (-er).
  • The stem remains the same, while the leaf (-er) is removed.
  • Add the following endings to the stem to form the present tense:
    • Yo: o
    • Tú: es
    • Él/Ella/Usted: e
    • Nosotros/as: emos
    • Vosotros/as: éis
    • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: en

Conjugation of Regular -ER Verbs

  • The conjugation pattern of regular -ER verbs is as follows:
    • Yo: -o (e.g., comer -> como)
    • Tú: -es (e.g., comer -> comes)
    • Él/Ella/Usted: -e (e.g., comer -> come)
    • Nosotros/as: -emos (e.g., comer -> comemos)
    • Vosotros/as: -éis (e.g., comer -> coméis)
    • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: -en (e.g., comer -> comen)

Examples of Common Regular -ER Verbs

  • Aprender: to learn
  • Beber: to drink
  • Comer: to eat
  • Comprender: to understand
  • Correr: to run
  • Leer: to read
  • Vender: to sell

Conjugating ER Verbs in the Present Tense

  • To conjugate an ER verb, break down the infinitive into two parts: the stem and the leaf 'er'.
  • The stem remains the same, while the leaf 'er' is removed.
  • Add the following endings to the stem to form the present tense:
  • Yo: o
  • Nosotros/as: emos
  • Tú: es
  • Vosotros/as: éis
  • Él/Ella: e
  • Ellos/Ellas: en

Conjugation of Regular -er Verb "Comer" (to eat)

  • The verb "comer" (to eat) is a regular -er verb in Spanish.
  • The conjugation of "comer" in the present tense is as follows:
    • Yo (I) -> como (I eat)
    • Tú (You) -> comes (You eat)
    • Él/Ella/Usted (He/She/It) -> come (He/She/It eats)
    • Nosotros/as (We) -> comemos (We eat)
    • Vosotros/as (Ye) -> coméis (Ye eat)
    • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes (They) -> comes (They eat)

Conjugating IR Verbs in the Present Tense

  • To conjugate an IR verb, break down the infinitive into two parts: the stem and the leaf (IR).
  • The stem remains the same, while the leaf is removed and replaced with the corresponding ending.

Endings for IR Verbs

  • Yo: o
  • Tú: es
  • Él/Ella: e
  • Nosotros/as: imos
  • Vosotros/as: ís
  • Ellos/Ellas: en

Example: Conjugating Vivir (to live)

  • Yo: vivo (I live)
  • Tú: vives (You live)
  • Él/Ella/Usted: vive (He/She/It lives)
  • Nosotros/as: vivimos (We live)
  • Vosotros/as: vivís (Ye live)
  • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: viven (They live)

Conjugation of Regular -er Verbs: Vivir (to live)

  • Vivir is a regular -er verb, which means it follows a specific conjugation pattern.
  • The conjugation of vivir in the present tense is as follows:
    • Yo (I) - vivo (I live)
    • Tú (You) - vives (You live)
    • Él/Ella/Usted (He/She/It) - vive (He/She/It lives)
    • Nosotros/as (We) - vivimos (We live)
    • Vosotros/as (Ye) - vivís (Ye live)
    • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes (They) - viven (They live)

Conjugation of Regular -er Verbs: Vivir (to live)

  • Vivir is a regular -er verb, which means it follows a specific conjugation pattern.
  • The conjugation of vivir in the present tense is as follows:
    • Yo (I) - vivo (I live)
    • Tú (You) - vives (You live)
    • Él/Ella/Usted (He/She/It) - vive (He/She/It lives)
    • Nosotros/as (We) - vivimos (We live)
    • Vosotros/as (Ye) - vivís (Ye live)
    • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes (They) - viven (They live)

Radical Changing Verbs

  • Radical changing verbs are irregular in their stem but have regular endings like ar/er/ir verbs
  • The vowel in the stem changes before the ending, e.g. Jugar

Irregular Verbs with 1 Letter Change

  • Verbs with a 'z' in the first person only, e.g. Conducir (To drive)
  • Conjugation of Conducir:
    • Yo: Conduzco
    • Tú: Conduces
    • Él/Ella/Usted: Conduce
    • Nosotros: Conducimos
    • Vosotros: Conducís
    • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: Conducen

Common Verbs with 1 Letter Change

  • Introducir (To introduce): Introduzco (1st person)
  • Producir (To produce): Produzco (1st person)
  • Traducir (To translate): Traduzco (1st person)
  • Reducir (To reduce): Reduzco (1st person)
  • Conocer (To know): Conozco (1st person)

Verbs with a j in the first person

  • Verbs like "coger" (to catch, to take, to get) have a j in the first person (yo) only, e.g.:
    • Yo: Cojo
    • Tú: Coges
    • Él/Ella/Usted: Coge
    • Nosotros: Cogemos
    • Vosotros: Cogéis
    • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: Cogen
  • Common verbs that follow this pattern include:
    • Dirigir (to direct): Dirijo
    • Corregir (to correct): Corrijo
    • Escoger (to choose): Escojo
    • Exigir (to require): Exijo
    • Proteger (to protect): Protejo
    • Recoger (to pick up): Recojo

Verbs with a y added to all persons except nosotros and vosotros

  • Verbs like "construir" (to construct) add a y to all persons except nosotros and vosotros, e.g.:
    • Yo: Construyo
    • Tú: Construyes
    • Él/Ella/Usted: Construye
    • Nosotros: Construimos
    • Vosotros: Construís
    • Ellos/Ellas: Construyen
  • Common verbs that follow this pattern include:
    • Destruir (to destroy)
    • Concluir (to conclude)
    • Contribuir (to contribute)
    • Huir (to escape)

Verbs with a j in the first person

  • Verbs like "coger" (to catch, to take, to get) have a j in the first person (yo) only, e.g.:
    • Yo: Cojo
    • Tú: Coges
    • Él/Ella/Usted: Coge
    • Nosotros: Cogemos
    • Vosotros: Cogéis
    • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: Cogen
  • Common verbs that follow this pattern include:
    • Dirigir (to direct): Dirijo
    • Corregir (to correct): Corrijo
    • Escoger (to choose): Escojo
    • Exigir (to require): Exijo
    • Proteger (to protect): Protejo
    • Recoger (to pick up): Recojo

Verbs with a y added to all persons except nosotros and vosotros

  • Verbs like "construir" (to construct) add a y to all persons except nosotros and vosotros, e.g.:
    • Yo: Construyo
    • Tú: Construyes
    • Él/Ella/Usted: Construye
    • Nosotros: Construimos
    • Vosotros: Construís
    • Ellos/Ellas: Construyen
  • Common verbs that follow this pattern include:
    • Destruir (to destroy)
    • Concluir (to conclude)
    • Contribuir (to contribute)
    • Huir (to escape)

Reflexive Verbs

  • Reflexive verbs occur when the subject and object of the verb are the same, referring to actions done to oneself.
  • Examples of reflexive verbs are often found in daily routine verbs, but not all daily routine verbs are reflexive.

Identifying Reflexive Verbs

  • Infinite verbs that end with -se are typically reflexive verbs.

Conjugating Reflexive Verbs

  • Step 1: Remove the reflexive pronoun and move it to the front of the verb.
  • Change the pronoun to: • me – myself • te – yourself • se – himself/herself • nos – ourselves • os – yourselves • se – themselves
  • Step 2: Conjugate the verb as you normally would in the present tense.

Reflexive Verbs

  • Reflexive verbs occur when the subject and object of the verb are the same, referring to actions done to oneself.
  • Examples of reflexive verbs are often found in daily routine verbs, but not all daily routine verbs are reflexive.

Identifying Reflexive Verbs

  • Infinite verbs that end with -se are typically reflexive verbs.

Conjugating Reflexive Verbs

  • Step 1: Remove the reflexive pronoun and move it to the front of the verb.
  • Change the pronoun to: • me – myself • te – yourself • se – himself/herself • nos – ourselves • os – yourselves • se – themselves
  • Step 2: Conjugate the verb as you normally would in the present tense.

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Learn when to use the present simple tense in Spanish and practice with personal pronouns such as Yo, Tú, Él, and more.

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