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Questions and Answers
What was the primary purpose of the Kundiman in relation to the Spanish colonization?
What was the primary purpose of the Kundiman in relation to the Spanish colonization?
Which revolt was initiated due to the denial of a proper Christian burial?
Which revolt was initiated due to the denial of a proper Christian burial?
What was a key goal of the GOMBURZA group?
What was a key goal of the GOMBURZA group?
What was the main idea behind the Propaganda Movement represented by La Liga Filipina?
What was the main idea behind the Propaganda Movement represented by La Liga Filipina?
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Which of the following statements is correct about the novels 'Noli Me Tangere' and 'El Filibusterismo'?
Which of the following statements is correct about the novels 'Noli Me Tangere' and 'El Filibusterismo'?
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What was the main reason for the ease of Christianization of Filipinos during Spanish colonialization?
What was the main reason for the ease of Christianization of Filipinos during Spanish colonialization?
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What was the purpose of the 'Polo y Servicio' policy during Spanish colonial rule?
What was the purpose of the 'Polo y Servicio' policy during Spanish colonial rule?
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What was one of the effects of the Obscurantism policy implemented by the Spanish?
What was one of the effects of the Obscurantism policy implemented by the Spanish?
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What was the significance of the Sedition Law of 1901 during U.S. colonialization?
What was the significance of the Sedition Law of 1901 during U.S. colonialization?
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How did the U.S. government justify their colonial rule over the Philippines?
How did the U.S. government justify their colonial rule over the Philippines?
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What was a common consequence of the Brigandage Act of 1902?
What was a common consequence of the Brigandage Act of 1902?
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Which colonial method involved forcing Filipinos to live under close church supervision?
Which colonial method involved forcing Filipinos to live under close church supervision?
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What was the year when formal Spanish colonialization officially began in the Philippines?
What was the year when formal Spanish colonialization officially began in the Philippines?
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Study Notes
Spanish Colonization
- Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer, arrived in the Philippines.
- Spanish influence in the Philippines began.
- Spanish colonization officially started in 1565 with the arrival of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi.
- Spain spread Christianity.
Colonial Methods of Spain
- Folk Catholicism: Spain allowed Filipinos to incorporate their native practices with Catholic ones.
- It was easy for Spain to Christianize the Filipinos, as they lacked a major religion.
- Reduccion: Filipinos were forced to live in settlements near churches, which often separated them from their livelihoods.
Obscurantism and Polo y Servicio
- The Spanish promoted ignorance by not teaching Spanish to Filipinos. This resulted in a biased view of Filipinos.
- Filipinos were forced to work for months on projects like bridges, buildings, churches, and ships without pay.
United States Colonialization
- The Philippines experienced colonialism under the United States.
- The US paid Spain $20 million for the Philippines after winning the Spanish-American War.
Colonial Methods of the US
- Sedition Law of 1901: Filipinos were not allowed to do anything that could separate them from the US.
- Brigandage Act of 1902: Filipinos rebelling against the US were considered bandits and traitors and could be publicly executed.
- Flag Law of 1907: No display of the Philippine flag, or any symbol that encouraged defiance of US rule.
Benevolent Assimilation
- President McKinley, in 1898, declared the US came as friends, not invaders, to protect the Philippines.
Filipino Response
- The Filipinos were not able to effectively fight the Spanish with their traditional weapons.
- The Filipinos were unable to express their frustration and suffering openly.
- Passion of Christ (Pasyon): Filipinos used their own portrayals of Jesus Christ as a victim to express their experiences suffering under Spanish rule.
- Kundiman: These were sad songs used to describe the effects of Spanish colonization on the Filipinos.
Revolts
- Sumuroy Revolt: A revolt against forced labor (polo y servicio).
- Dagohoy Revolt: The longest revolt in history (85 years), sparked by the refusal of the Spanish to allow a Christian burial for Dagohoy’s brother.
- Silang Revolt: A revolt led by Diego Silang, initially in response to tribute and forced labor, later carried on by his wife, Gabriela Silang.
Other Filipino Struggles
- Ponciano Elofre: Wanted to revive animism and paganism.
- Gomburza: Filipino priests fought for their own parishes and the removal of Spanish friars.
Propaganda Movement
- La Liga Filipina: Group of Filipinos wanting to reform the Philippines, and for Filipinos to be equals of the Spanish.
- La Solidaridad/Diaryong Tagalog/Kalayaan: Articles and newspapers that exposed Spanish treatment of Filipinos, while remaining neutral in perspective.
- Noli Me Tangere/El Filibusterismo: Novels by Jose Rizal that showcased the corruption of Spain and their treatment of Filipinos.
Katipunan
- The Katipunan was a secret society that fought against Spanish rule and sought Filipino freedom.
- Andres Bonifacio led the movement and believed that more direct action was required.
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Description
Explore the complex history of Spanish colonization in the Philippines, beginning with Ferdinand Magellan's arrival and the official start in 1565. Discover the methods used by the Spanish to spread Christianity and their impact on Filipino society, including folk Catholicism and forced labor practices. Delve into the subsequent American colonial influence on the region.
