Questions and Answers
What was the primary function of the encomenderos in the Philippines under Spanish rule?
What role did the 'Governor General' play in the political setup during Spanish colonization?
What significant change occurred to taxation in the Philippines in 1884?
Which system involved Filipino farmers selling their products to the government at a minimum price?
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Which of these taxes was specifically one-tenth of the produce of the land?
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What was the purpose of the tribute tax introduced in 1570?
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Which position was NOT part of the political structure established by the Spanish?
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Which tax was specifically introduced to fund the invasion of Jolo, Sulu in 1635?
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What was the primary reason for the abolition of the Kasama System in 1782?
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Who were the Inquilinos responsible for in the Hacienda system?
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What does the term Polo y Servicio refer to?
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Which two countries were allowed to trade with the Philippines during the Galleon Trade?
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What was the purpose of the boleta in the Galleon Trade?
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What was a major aim of the Tobacco Monopoly established in 1782?
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Under the Galleon Trade, who were primarily allowed to engage in trade operations?
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What was the effect of monetary restrictions imposed by the King of Spain during the Galleon Trade?
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What was the main aim of the Royal Company of the Philippines established in 1785?
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Which of the following sections was NOT part of the Sociedad Economic de Amigo del Pais established in 1781?
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What significant social change involved the transformation of Filipino homes during the Spanish colonial period?
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What was a characteristic of family life in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era?
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Which of these changes was related to the educational transformations in the Philippines during the Spanish rule?
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Which policy led to the opening of Manila to foreign trade?
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What aspect of cultural change included the introduction of the Latin alphabet?
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Which of the following was a common misconception regarding social changes during the Spanish colonial period?
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Study Notes
Political Setup During Spanish Colonization
- The King of Spain held ultimate authority, supported by the Pope, with the Viceroy of Mexico acting as an intermediary.
- Key officials included the Governor General, Alcalde, and local leaders such as Mayor/Corregidor and Gobernadorcillo.
- The Church played a significant role, led by the Archbishop and Bishops, with a network of Priests and Parish Priests overseeing local parishes.
Economic Changes Imposed by Spain
- The Encomienda System granted land and local people to Spanish encomienderos in exchange for protection and tax collection.
- Tribute system introduced taxation on Filipinos aged 16-60, requiring payments in cash or goods.
- Various taxes included:
- Diezmos prediales: 10% land produce tax.
- Donativo de Zamboanga: tax for military actions.
- Vinta: tax in Luzon.
Forced Labor Systems
- Polo y Servicio mandated Filipino men aged 16-60 to provide 40 days of forced labor, with an exemption available via payment.
- The Bandala System required farmers to sell products to the government at set prices, leading to abuses and eventual abolition in 1782.
Galleon Trade
- Operating from the 16th to 19th centuries, the Galleon Trade connected Manila and Acapulco, focusing primarily on trade with Mexico and limiting interactions with other nations.
- Trade operations were tightly controlled by Spanish authorities, favoring high-ranking officials and clergy.
- Introduced the boleta, a trading license available to select individuals and resold for profit.
Tobacco Monopoly
- Established by Governor-General Basco in 1782 to enhance government revenue by mandating tobacco cultivation in various provinces.
- Successful in boosting revenues but reported abuses led to its abolition in 1882.
Economic Societies
- Sociedad Economic de Amigo del Pais established in 1781, aimed at improving agriculture, commerce, education, and natural history.
- Real Compaña de Filipinas founded in 1785 to develop trade relations with Spain, mandated to allocate 4% of profits for agricultural development.
Social and Cultural Changes
- Family life shifted, with men dominating politics and household decisions, limiting women's roles.
- Major cultural transformations included:
- Conversion to Catholicism and Hispanization of names.
- Architectural changes from Bahay Kubo to Bahay na Bato.
- Introduction of Spanish language and culinary diversity.
- Social changes featured new dress styles, religious festivals honoring saints, and widespread use of the Latin alphabet.
Educational Developments
- University of Sto. Tomas founded in 1611, initially restricted to Spaniards and mestizos, later opening up to wealthy Filipinos in the mid-19th century.
- Secondary education introduced, followed by public education in the 19th century, enhancing educational accessibility across social classes.
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Description
This quiz explores the Spanish colonization of the Philippines during week 5 of the course. It covers the political setup, economic changes, and socio-cultural shifts that occurred under colonial rule. Analyze how these historical influences impact the social, political, economic, and religious facets of contemporary Filipino life.
